从“阴私”到“隐私”:近现代中国的隐私观念流变  

From Yīnsī to Yǐnsī: The Evolution of Privacy in Modern China

作　　者：卢震豪 LU Zhenhao(Law School of Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2022年第6期31-45,192,共16页The Jurist

摘　　要：中文语境中对隐私权的研究,应当基于本土内生逻辑展开思考,而不是仅从外国法上进行溯源。其中的一个重要问题是,被人批判的贬义的“阴私”,是如何流变为批判他人的褒义的“隐私”?对此问题的回答,须考虑两种批判场景(批官阴私与批民阴私)与三种观念批判(政治公德观、社会公德观、私德观)。基于批民阴私的原理,政治公德观的管治主义与私德观的个人主义发展出了两种批判他人的“隐私”,前者服务于国族历史统合,后者服务于英文“privacy”意义上的权利继受;而社会公德观却导致“隐私”被人批判。至于批官阴私,则并未发展出“隐私”,而构成了隐私权的内在矛盾限制。具体而言,“隐私”观念在近现代中国的非线性流变,取决于上述三种观念的竞合,或表现为个人主义隐私的突变,或表现为两种隐私的暂时消失,或表现为两种隐私的恢复发展乃至权利化落定。上述分析,有助于祛魅地理解当代中国的隐私权保护。The right to privacy in China should be regarded in terms of endogenous evolution, different from the general idea among scholars that merely traces the origin of Chinese privacy to foreign laws. The issue is how a negative notion, Yīnsī[privateness to shade]to be criticized, transforms into a positive notion, Yǐnsī [privateness to hide] to criticize others. The research considers two critical contexts, including Piguan Yīnsī [critique on officers] and Pimin Yīnsī [critique on civilians]. It also analyzes three critical ideas: political, social, and private morality. In the context of Pimin Yīnsī, governanceism from political morality and individualism from private morality respectively have developed two kinds of Yǐnsī: the former serving the historic reunification of the Chinese nation, while the latter serving the succession of privacy from the exotic context. In contrast, social morality induces Yīnsī, the subject to be criticized. As for the context of Piguan Yīnsī, it does not give rise to the notion of Yǐnsī, but constitutes an inherent limitation of the right to privacy. Specifically,the nonlinear evolution of modern privacy in China is a result of the interaction of these three ideas. There was either a mutation of the individualistic sense of Yǐnsī, a temporary disappearance of these two Yǐnsī, revitalization and development of these two Yǐnsī, or even a settlement of the right to privacy. This contributes to a disenchanted understanding of contemporary protection of the right to privacy.

关 键 词：隐私 阴私 隐私权 批判法学 观念史 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]