神经环路再生研究进展  

Research Progress of Neural Circuit Regeneration

作　　者：彭程 刘彦梅 费继锋 PENG Cheng;LIU Yanmei;FEI Jifeng(Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China;Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital,Guangzhou 510080,China;Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences,Guangzhou 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学脑科学与康复医学研究院,广州510631 [2]广东省人民医院,广州510080 [3]广东省医学科学院,广州510080

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2022年第8期1529-1541,共13页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2019YFE0106700、2021YFA0805000);国家自然科学基金(批准号:31970782、32070819);高水平医院建设科研专项计划(批准号:KJ012021012、DFJHBF202103);国家重点研发计划及国家自然科学基金配套经费(批准号:KY0120220184、KY012021464、KY0120211119);广东省重点领域研发计划(批准号:2018B030332001、2019B030335001)资助的课题。

摘　　要：神经系统损伤会导致神经环路的缺损,造成此神经环路所调节的功能丧失或紊乱,并给病人的正常生活造成极大的障碍。所以,重建受损神经环路并恢复其功能是治疗神经系统损伤的重要目标。近年来,针对新生神经元替代缺失细胞并整合入损伤神经环路机制方面取得了一系列研究进展。高等哺乳动物利用内源性新生神经元或外源移植神经干细胞可以实现一定的神经环路重建和功能恢复,同时低等脊椎动物可以通过自发的神经发生来实现神经系统损伤后较为完美的再生,而对这些模式动物的研究也揭示了很多可以促进再生的因子和神经环路连接重建的机制。该文对这些方面的研究进展做了简要的综述。Injuries of nervous system often result in damage or defect to the neural circuits,and induce dysfunction or loss of function that is originally modulated by those circuits,exerting massive obstacle to patient’s daily life.Therefore,treatment to nervous system injury mainly aims to reestablishing the connectivity of neural circuits and recovering the function.In recent years,there have been a series of research progresses in investigating neural circuit reestablishment by new born neurons replacing lost cells and integrating into lesioned circuits.Mammals could achieve certain circuit repair and functional recovery by endogenous neurogenesis or implanting exogenous neural stem cells,meanwhile lower vertebrates are able to relatively perfectly regenerate lesioned neural tissue by intrinsic neurogenesis.Investigating these model animals also reveals many factors that could promote regeneration and the mechanisms that rebuild the connectivity of lesioned neural circuit.This review briefly summarized recent advances of these research aspects.

关 键 词：神经环路再生 新生神经元 神经干细胞移植 斑马鱼脊髓再生 蝾螈脊髓再生 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]