马铃薯种薯切块机整列装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of sorting device of potato seed cutting machine

作　　者：吕金庆[1] 张航 李季成[1] 刘中原[1] 苏文海[1] 竹筱歆 LYU Jinqing;ZHANG Hang;LI Jicheng;LIU Zhongyuan;SU Wenhai;ZHU Xiaoxin(School of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2022年第11期47-59,共13页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家马铃薯产业技术体系岗位科学家专项(CARS-09-P23)。

摘　　要：为解决马铃薯种薯切块机种薯定位难、种薯排列混杂,机械化切块等难题,研制一种种薯排序、定位的切块整列装置,阐述整列装置结构和工作原理,研制关键部件。针对马铃薯种薯外包络线物料特性,采用力学与运动学分析方法,确定种薯整列装置关键部件结构及性能参数边界条件范围,以上料量、整列辊组转速、胶轮直径为试验因素,种薯整列率、平均整列时间、损伤率为评价指标进行二次旋转正交组合试验。通过Design-Expert 8.0.6软件分析试验结果,优化求解得出整列辊组转速22 r·min^(-1)、胶轮直径107 mm、上料量15 t·h^(-1)为最佳参数组合,进行验证试验,结果表明整列率为97.6%、平均整列时间为7.6 s、损伤率为0.71%,满足马铃薯种薯切块机对整列装置技术性能要求。Aiming at the key problems of the existing potato seed cutting machine that it was difficult to locate the seed potato when cutting,and the different placement postures made it impossible to achieve mechanized seed cutting,a sorting device of potato seed cutting machine with the function of arranging and positioning seed potato was developed.Firstly,the structure of the sorting test-bed was introduced.Aiming at the material characteristics of the outer envelope of the seed potato,the research method of mechanics and kinematics analysis were used to determine the boundary condition range of the key components of the potato seed sorting device and the performance parameters.Selected the feeding amount,the rotation speed of the sorting rollers,and the diameter of the rubber wheels as the test factors,the accuracy of the sorting rate,the average sorting time,and the breakage rate as evaluation indicators of the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test.Test results were processed and optimized by using Design-Expert 8.0.6 software to determine the best parameter combination.The optimized solution showed that the rotation speed of sorting rollers was 22 r·min^(-1),the diameter of the rubber wheels was 107 mm,and the feeding amount was 15 t·h^(-1) as the best parameter combination.The validation test was carried out under the best parameter combination.The results showed that the sorting rate was 97.6%,the average sorting time was 7.6 s and the skin breakage rate was 0.71%,which can meet the technical performance requirements of potato seed cutting machine for the sorting device.

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 试验 马铃薯切块机 整列装置 

分 类 号：S223.19[农业科学—农业机械化工程]