社区老年人执行功能和加工速度与运动能力的关系  

The Relationship between Executive Function and Processing Speed with Athletic Ability of the Community Elderly

作　　者：刘钰 苏彦捷[2,3] 曹春梅[4] 丁宇 樊煜 LIU Yu;SU Yanjie;CAO Chunmei;DING Yu;FAN Yu(Department of Psychology,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025;School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences,Peking University,Beijingg 100871;Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health,Peking University,Bejing 100871;Division of Sports Science and Physical Education,Tsinghua University,Bejing 100084;Department of Sociology,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学心理学系,贵阳550025 [2]北京大学心理与认知科学学院,北京100871 [3]行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室,北京100871 [4]清华大学体育部,北京100084 [5]北京大学社会学系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2022年第6期769-777,共9页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BTY037)。

摘　　要：随着年龄的增长,老年人的运动能力和执行功能,以及心理加工速度都出现不同程度的衰退。已有的研究多集中于步行与跌倒,未能统合考察运动能力、心理加工速度以及执行功能各子成分之间的关系。本研究对66名老年人的运动能力、执行功能以及加工速度进行了测试,通过经典范式对老年人四种运动能力测试(握力、30秒连续坐起、闭眼单足站立、起立行走计时)与执行功能各子成分(抑制控制、刷新功能、转换功能以及工作记忆)及心理加工速度进行了统合考察,更深入地探究了老年人运动能力与认知能力之间的关系。结果发现,在运动能力中,起立行走计时的成绩与执行功能和加工速度的关系最为密切,对起立行走计时的预测模型中加工速度权重最大。结果提示,对老年人认知功能的干预可能会影响老年人的基本运动能力。With aging,the elderly’s athletic ability,executive function,and mental processing speed have declined to varying degrees.Existing studies mostly focus on walking and falling,and fail to integrate the relationship among the sub-components of athletic ability,mental processing speed,and executive function.This study tested the athletic ability,executive function and processing speed of 66 elderly people,and tested the four kinds of athletic ability through the classic paradigm(grip strength,30-s Chair-Stand Test,Single Leg Station with Eye Closed,timed“Up&Go”)It is integrated with the sub-components of executive function(inhibition control,refresh function,shifting function,and working memory)and mental processing speed,and further explores the relationship between the elderly’s athletic ability and cognitive ability.The results found that,in the athletic ability,the performance of timed“Up&Go”is most closely related to executive function and processing speed,and the weight of processing speed is the largest in the predicting model of timed“Up&Go”.The results suggest that the intervention of cognitive function in the elderly may affect their basic athletic ability.

关 键 词：老年人 执行功能 加工速度 运动能力 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]