论书面形式拟制规范的适用边界  

On the Applicative Boundary of Fictitious Norms in Written Form

作　　者：李伟伟 Li Weiwei

机构地区：[1]中国法学会法治研究所

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2022年第10期122-139,144,共19页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：中国法学会2022年度部级法学研究课题“民法典中的法律拟制规范研究”〔CLS(2022)C32〕的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第469条第3款规定了书面形式拟制规范,将特定数据电文视为书面形式,借助拟制技术将数据电文嵌入民法体系以回应信息时代的需求,消解该规范对民法概念、规则和体系的冲击。《民法典》规定了诸多书面形式强制规范,即应当采用书面形式订立民事法律行为的规范。这些规范可以分为强制性规范与倡导性规范,书面形式拟制规范对前者的适用受到更严格的限制。书面形式强制规范具有证据方法品格和构成要件品格。书面形式拟制规范适用于书面形式强制规范调整案型的方法可以分为直接适用、参照适用、解释适用与类推适用,前者并不是无差别适用于后者,而是要根据后者的性质,辅之书面形式民法功能等综合认定。根据广义体系解释方法,《民法典》物权编、人格权编和继承编的书面形式强制规范调整案型有适用书面形式拟制规范的空间,应优先在《民法典》内部完成找法、用法作业,以更好释放《民法典》的体系效益。Article 469,Paragraph 3 of the Civil Code establishes the written-form fictitious norms,and treats specific data messages as written forms.By embedding data messages into the civil law system with fictitious technologies,it meets the needs of the Internet age,and eliminates the impact of these norms on civil law concepts,rules and systems.The Civil Code provides for many written-form mandatory norms,namely,the norms of civil legal acts should be established in written form.These norms are divided into mandatory and advocacy norms,and the application of written-form fictitious norms to the former is more strictly restricted.The written-form mandatory norms have both the quality of evidence method and the quality of constituent elements.The application of written-form fictitious norms to written-form mandatory norms is divided into direct application,reference application,interpretative application and analogical application.The former is discriminately applicable to the latter type of the corresponding in accordance with the nature of the latter,complemented by the comprehensive identification of the written function of the civil law.According to the interpretation method of the generalized system,the written-form mandatory norms of the real rights,personality rights and succession of the Civil Code have room for the application of written-form fictitious norms,and give priority to finding laws and usage within the Civil Code,so as to better release the benefits of the Civil Code system.

关 键 词：数据电文 书面形式 拟制规范 

分 类 号：D923.0[政治法律—民商法学]