动车组轴装撒砂装置随机振动疲劳研究  

Investigation on random vibration fatigue of EMU axle-mounted sanding device

作　　者：何橼 吴兴文[1] 邹洪伟 池茂儒[3] HE Yuan;WU Xingwen;ZOU Hongwei;CHI Maoru(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610031,China;CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao,Shandong 2661ll,China;State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031 [2]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111 [3]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都四川610031

出　　处：《机车电传动》2022年第5期64-71,共8页Electric Drive for Locomotives

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0201401-01);国家自然科学基金项目(51805450);中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2019QNRC001);四川省基础研究计划项目(2020YJ0075)。

摘　　要：针对某动车组撒砂装置在服役过程中焊缝位置出现裂纹的问题,对其随机振动疲劳问题展开研究。首先,在IEC 61373标准载荷谱下利用振动试验台研究撒砂装置关键位置应力响应,并利用频域寿命评估方法对其随机振动疲劳进行估计。然后,基于刚柔耦合理论建立了考虑虚拟激励的撒砂装置随机振动模型,再现模拟了撒砂装置试验振动环境;利用模态应力恢复法得到了关键位置的应力响应,并从应力时间历程和功率谱密度对模型的正确性进行了验证。最后,基于该模型研究了实测振动环境下撒砂装置的随机振动疲劳寿命。结果表明:相比Zhao-Baker法,Dirlik法能更准确地估计应力雨流矩阵的幅值分布;基于虚拟激励的撒砂装置随机振动模型能够较好地再现试验振动环境,从而较为准确地再现撒砂装置关键位置的应力响应;相比实测线路数据,标准IEC 61373中定义的轴装部件振动谱高估了低频范围的振动幅值,并忽略了大于500 Hz的振动能量;在车轮多边形磨耗作用下撒砂装置在500 Hz附近应力幅值明显放大,从而撒砂装置的服役寿命显著减少。Taking the sanding device of an electric multiple unit(EMU)as the object of study,which suffered from weld cracking in the service process,investigation was carried on its random vibration fatigue problem.Firstly,the stress response at the key part of the sanding device was studied by the vibration test bench and under the load spectrum defined in IEC 61373,and the random vibration fatigue was evaluated by using the frequency-domain lifetime evaluation method.Secondly,a random vibration model of the sanding device was established,based on the rigid-flexible coupling method and considering pseudo excitation,to simulate the test vibration environment of the sanding device.The stress response at the key part of the sanding device was got by using the modal stress recovery method,and the model correctness was verified from the aspects of stress time history and power spectral density.Finally,this model was further used to investigate the random vibration fatigue lifetime of the sanding device under the measured vibration environment.The results show that the Dirlik method can evaluate the amplitude distribution of the stress rainflow matrix more accurately than the Zhao-Baker method.The proposed random vibration model of the sanding device based on pseudo excitation can effectively simulate the vibration environment under the test,thus accurately simulating the stress response at the key part of the sanding device.Compared with the measured line data,the vibration spectrum for the axle-mounted components given in IEC 61373 overestimates the vibration amplitude in the low frequency range,and ignores the vibration energy over 500 Hz.Under the action of the wheel polygonal wear,the stress amplitude of the sanding device close to 500 Hz is significantly enlarged,resulting in the greatly reduced service lifetime of the sanding device.

关 键 词：动车组 撒砂装置 振动疲劳 振动试验 高速列车 

分 类 号：U266.2[机械工程—车辆工程] U260.37[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]