乌东德库区消落带生态修复试验区植物群落结构与物种多样性研究  

Plant Community Structure and Species Diversity in Ecological Restoration Area of Water-level-fluctuating Zone in Wudongde Reservoir

作　　者：万丹 周火明[1] 金可 胡月 于江 甘国权[1] WAN Dan;ZHOU Huoming;JIN Ke;HU Yue;YU Jiang;GAN Guoquan(Chongqing Branch,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Chongqing 400026,China;Environmental Protection Department of China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation,Chengdu 610023,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会长江科学院重庆分院,重庆400026 [2]中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司环境保护部,成都610023

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2022年第4期1-11,共11页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：乌东德、白鹤滩水电站消落带修复试验项目合同(乌东德)(JG/19043B);长江科学院研转基金(CKZS2017013/CQ);中央级公益性质科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2019413/CQ,CKSF2021464/CQ)。

摘　　要：植物是水库消落带重要组成部分,具有水土保持、污染过滤、物种多样性维持、景观美化等多种生态功能。为系统揭示干热河谷库区消落带植被演替趋势与规律,2019年7月至2020年7月对金沙江干热河谷乌东德库区消落带生态修复试验区水位上涨前的植被现状进行踏查与样方调查,分析了水淹前植物生长现状、特有的植物区系成分和植物种类。研究结果表明:(1)试验地共有维管束植物46科102属112种,其中禾本科、菊科和豆科植物种类最丰富,单科单属现象明显,一年生植物优势明显,具有典型的萨王纳植被特征;(2)群落类型包括车桑子+扭黄茅群落、银合欢+滇刺枣+扭黄茅群落和银合欢纯林群落,结构单一脆弱,人为干扰严重;(3)植物区系成分以热带为主,多为耐旱物种;(4)试验区经历水淹后,原有适应陆生环境的耐旱木本植物物种可能逐步减少,草本植物优势进一步增强,不同生活型植物占比发生改变,具体变化有待后续长期生态监测。研究结果可为后续干热河谷库区消落带生态修复研究与实践提供基础数据与参考依据。Plant is an important part of the water-level-fluctuating zone of a reservoir,and has multiple ecological functions such as water and soil conservation,pollution filtration,maintenance of species diversity,and landscaping.This paper explored the plant growth,floristic element and species diversity in water-level-fluctuating zone of dry-hot valley in Jinsha River before the operation of Wudongde Hydropower Station.Quadrats in ecological restoration area of Wudongde Reservoir were investigated from July,2019 to July,2020.The results show that:(1)There are 112 species of vascular plants recorded in test area of ecological restoration,be⁃longing to 46 families and 102 genera,in which Gramineae,Fabaceae and Asteraceae plants are the most abundant,and single family,single genus and annual herb is common with the typical characteristic of savanna vegetation;(2)Communities including Dodonaea viscosa+Heteropogon contortus community,Leucaena leucocephala+Ziziphus mauritiana+Heteropogon contortus community and Leucaena leucocephala pure stand are fragile,simple in structure and seriously interfered by human;(3)The floral element of genera is mainly tropical and most species are drought-tolerant;(4)After the operation of the Wudongde Hydropower Station,degra⁃dation in community structure,gradual decrease of original species especially drought-tolerant woody plants,and change of compo⁃sition ratio in different plant life forms could be predicted,and those changes require long term ecological monitoring.The research results can provide basic data and reference basis for the follow-up research and practice of water-level-fluctuating zone ecological restoration in dry-hot valley reservoir area.

关 键 词：干热河谷 生态修复 消落带 维管束植物 乌东德库区 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]