高原地区厨余垃圾发酵堆肥质量分析及其对青稞种子发芽的影响  

Analysis of fermentation composting quality by kitchen food waste and its effect on seed germination of Hordeum vulgare var.coeleste Linnaeus in plateau area

作　　者：周述明 于皓然 苗彦军[2] 李平 李海燕[4] 叶三霞 刘文哲 杜帛洋 ZHOU Shu-ming;YU Hao-ran;MIAO Yan-jun;LI Ping;LI Hai-yan;YE San-xia;LIU Wen-zhe;DU Bo-yang(Tibet Corporation of Chengdu Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Lhasa 850000,China;Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,Tibet,China;Tibet Zangjia Ecological Science&Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Linzhi 860000,Tibet,China;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏电建成勘院工程有限公司,拉萨850000 [2]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000 [3]西藏藏迦生态科技发展有限公司,西藏林芝860000 [4]吉林省农业科学院,长春130033

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2022年第19期39-42,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：西藏电建成勘院工程有限公司项目(XZGS-GC-2020-002);吉林省科技厅项目(20200403014SF);吉林省农业科学院基本科研业务费项目(KYJF2021JQ003)。

摘　　要：对西藏厨余垃圾快速堆肥效果及其对青稞(Hordeum vulgare var.coeleste Linnaeus)种子发芽的影响进行了分析,以期解决高原地区厨余垃圾快速处理困难的问题。结果表明,菌剂处理能有效提高厨余垃圾堆肥温度,堆肥发酵12 d后温度即达峰值,为65.5℃,随后菌剂处理堆肥温度开始下降,直至堆肥结束仍显著高于对照(P<0.05);菌剂处理有效实现了堆肥有机质和全氮的转化,3月22日和4月4日各指标处理间差异显著(P<0.05);菌剂处理堆肥碳氮比始终处于下降趋势,堆肥结束时碳氮比为21.16,青稞种子发芽指数为86.11%,均达到堆肥质量要求;另外,温度与养分指标间的相关性分析表明,温度与有机质含量和碳氮比呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与全氮含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),说明温度是影响堆肥养分指标的主要因子。菌剂处理发酵堆养分指标完全能达到堆肥质量要求,而对照在试验前后养分指标及青稞种子发芽指数变化均不明显。由此可知,菌剂处理能有效解决厨余垃圾快速发酵的难题。The quality of rapid composting of kitchen waste and its effect on seed germination of Hordeum vulgare var.coeleste Linnaeus were analyzed in the study to solve the problem of difficult disposal of kitchen waste in Tibet.The results showed that the microbial treatment could effectively improve the composting temperature of kitchen waste.After 12 days of fermentation,the composting temperature reached the peak,which was 65.5℃,and then the composting temperature began to decrease,but it was still significantly higher than the control until the end of composting(P<0.05);microbial agent treatment effectively realized the transformation of organic matter and total nitrogen in compost,and there was a significant difference between treatments on March 22 and April 4(P<0.05);the C/N of compost treated with the bacterial agent was always in a downward trend,at the end of composting,the C/N was 21.16,and the seed germination index of H.vulgare var.coeleste Linnaeus was 86.11%,which met the requirements of composting quality.In addition,the correlation between temperature and nutrient indexes showed that temperature had a highly significant negative correlation with organic matter and C/N(P<0.01),and a highly significant positive correlation with total nitrogen(P<0.01),indicating that temperature was the main factor affecting nutrient index.The nutrient indexes of composting with the bacterial agent could fully meet the requirements of composting quality,while the changes of nutrient indexes and seed germination index of H.vulgare var.coeleste Linnaeus in the control group were not obvious before and after the experiment.Therefore,bacterial agent treatment can effectively solve the problem of rapid fermentation for kitchen waste.

关 键 词：厨余垃圾 快速发酵 堆肥 青稞(Hordeum vulgare var.coeleste Linnaeus) 高原地区 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]