基于保护性少耕作业耕整播一体机的轮式拖拉机牵引附着性能分析  

Analysis of Traction and Adhesion Performance of Wheeled Tractor Based on Protective Less Tillage and Integrated Tillage and Sowing Machine

作　　者：赵永来[1] 牛文学[1] 高伟[1] 冯瑞龙 樊琦 崔文芳[1] 刘祯 Zhao Yonglai;Niu Wenxue;Gao Wei;Feng Ruilong;Fan Qi;Cui Wenfang;Liu Zhen(Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Inner Mongolia Baotou 014109)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古包头014109

出　　处：《南方农机》2023年第1期1-6,9,共7页

基　　金：2022年内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目(2022YFHH0033);内蒙古自治区教育厅项目(NJZY21506)。

摘　　要：针对保护性少耕作业中集深松、整地、施肥、播种一体化的农艺技术要求,课题组以牵引装置——轮式拖拉机为研究对象,通过对拖拉机牵引附着性能的分析,获得最佳工作参数,明确了影响拖拉机牵引附着性能与牵引效率的主要因素并验证了整机动力学分析的合理性和可靠性,测试并计算出了配套耕整播一体机下拖拉机的挂钩牵引力、传动系统的传动效率等技术参量。结果表明,拖拉机挂钩牵引力随着耕作速度的加快呈现逐渐减小的趋势,当实际耕作速度在2.64 km/h~8.80 km/h(分别为2.64 km/h、3.52 km/h、4.40 km/h、5.28 km/h、6.16 km/h、7.04 km/h、7.92 km/h、8.80 km/h)范围内变化时,拖拉机挂钩牵引力降幅分别为25%、20%、16.67%、14.28%、12.5%、11.11%、10%,拖拉机耕作速度介于2.64 km/h~4.40 km/h之间,可以发挥较大的挂钩牵引力。拖拉机传动系统效率随着耕作速度的加快呈现逐渐增大的趋势,当实际耕作速度在2.64 km/h~8.80 km/h范围内变化时,沼泥地、已耕地、沙壤土条件下拖拉机传动系统效率平均增幅分别为4.46%、4.02%、3.27%。当拖拉机耕作速度为7.92km/h和8.80 km/h时,三种地表下拖拉机的传动系统效率分别为86.73%、70.44%、55.17%和90.27%、73.05%、56.85%。In view of the agronomic technical requirements of integrating deep loosening, soil preparation, fertilization and sowing in conservation tillage, the research group took the traction device-wheeled tractor as the research object. Through the analysis of the tractor traction and adhesion performance, the optimal working parameters are obtained, the main factors affecting the tractor traction and adhesion performance and traction efficiency are identified, and the rationality and reliability of the whole machine dynamics analysis are verified. The technical parameters such as the tractor hook traction force and the transmission efficiency of the transmission system are tested and calculated. The results show that the tractor hook traction force gradually decreases with the increase of the tillage speed. When the actual cultivation speed varies from 2.64 km/h to 8.80 km/h(2.64 km/h, 3.52 km/h,4.40 km/h, 5.28 km/h, 6.16 km/h, 7.04 km/h, 7.92 km/h, 8.80 km/h respectively), the tractor hook traction force decreases by 25%,20%, 16.67%, 14.28%, 12.5%, 11.11% and 10% respectively, The tractor’s tillage speed is between 2.64 km/h and 4.40 km/h,which can exert a large hook traction. The efficiency of tractor transmission system gradually increases with the increase of tillage speed. When the actual tillage speed changes from 2.64 km/h to 8.80 km/h, the average increase rate of tractor transmission system efficiency under the conditions of marsh mud, cultivated land and sandy loam is 4.46%, 4.02% and 3.27% respectively. When the tillage speed of the tractor is 7.92 km/h and 8.8 km/h, the efficiency of the transmission system of the three kinds of subsurface tractors is 86.73%, 70.44%, 55.17% and 90.27%, 73.05%, 56.85% respectively.

关 键 词：保护性少耕作业 耕整播一体机 拖拉机 牵引力 传动系统效率 

分 类 号：S224.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S219.032.4[农业科学—农业工程]