街头官僚组织自主性的激活及其驱动机制——以T小区维修资金冲突案例为例  

Activation of Autonomy of Street-Level Bureaucracies and Their Driving Mechanism:The Case of Conflict over Maintenance Funds in T Community

作　　者：李春生 韩志明 Chunsheng Li;Zhiming Han

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2022年第6期78-95,197,198,共20页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“协商民主的体系化及其程序机制研究”(20AZD023)。

摘　　要：在街头官僚研究谱系中,街头官僚组织自主性是长期被忽视的重要议题。论文基于对H市T小区违规使用维修资金冲突案例的田野观察,展示了T居委会最初的从旁观者到全面主导维修资金问题处理的过程,阐释了街头官僚组织自主性的激活及其机制。研究发现,T居委会对维修资金问题的干预经历了保持中立、初步干预、持续参与和全面接手四个阶段,展示了T居委会从被动应对到主动解决维修资金问题的过程,蕴含了T居委会的自主性从被动激活到主动激活的转变。街头官僚组织自主性的激活包含了复杂的驱动机制,具体包括问题性质转换、纵向权威推动、关键信息掌控、行动界面重构和组织绩效激励。论文打开了街头官僚研究中的组织自主性“黑箱”,揭示了街头官僚组织激活自主性的驱动机制,也有助于推动街头官僚理论的本土化建构。在未来的基层治理实践中,应该更加重视发挥街头官僚组织的主观能动作用,为街头官僚组织的主动作为提供充足的制度空间和绩效激励,充分激发街头官僚组织在基层治理中的活力。The autonomy of street-level bureaucracies is a critical yet long neglected topic in the literature. Based on a case study of T community,this article explains the transition of the T neighborhood committee from a bystander to a dominating force in the resolution of maintenance fund conflicts. The results indicate the process of activating the autonomy of street-level bureaucracies and their driving mechanisms. Our study finds that the intervention from T neighborhood committee into maintenance fund conflicts underwent four stages:neutral,intervention,participation,and take over.This demonstrates the process of the T neighborhood committee from passive response to active resolution of the maintenance fund conflicts,implying the transformation of the T neighborhood committee’s autonomy from passive activation to active activation. The activation of autonomy in street-level bureaucracies involves complex driving mechanisms,including the transformation of the nature of the problem,the promotion of the superior authority,the control of key information,the reconfiguration of the action interface,and the expanded reproduction of the performance. Our study opens the‘black box’ of autonomy in street-level bureaucracy research by initially revealing the driving mechanisms of activating its autonomy and contributing to the localized construction of street-level bureaucrat theory. In the future practice of grassroots governance,more attention should be paid to bringing into play the subjective and active role of street-level bureaucrats,providing sufficient institutional space and performance incentives for the initiative of street-level bureaucrats,and fully stimulating the vitality of street-level bureaucrats grassroots governance.

关 键 词：街头官僚组织 自主性 基层治理 社区住宅专项维修资金 驱动机制 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]