都市微农业蔬菜钵苗电动移栽机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Semi-automatic Transplanting Machine for Vegetable Seedlings in Facility Ggriculture

作　　者：黎静[1,2] 许天皓 孙正 何梁 薛龙 郑建鸿[1] 刘木华 曾喻琦[1] Li Jing;Xu Tianhao;Sun Zheng;He Liang;Xue Long;Zheng Jianhong;Liu Muhua;Zeng Yuqi(College of Engineering,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultral Equiment,Nangchuang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学工学院,南昌330045 [2]江西省现代农业装备重点实验室,南昌330045

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第1期95-99,104,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX201802-02)。

摘　　要：针对我国都市微农业移栽作业存在设备成本高、通用性差及室外旱地移栽机并不能适应都市微农业蔬菜钵苗移栽等问题,设计了一种基于单片机控制的都市微农业蔬菜钵苗电动移栽机,可满足对不同行距、株距要求的蔬菜钵苗实现供苗、栽植及覆土作业。首先,确定了移栽机采用电动控制部分,采用Arduino开发实现,并通过气缸及电动推杆代替以往复杂的机械传动机构在空间运动完成栽植;其次,单片机控制4个步进电机完成鸭嘴栽植器的三维空间运动,并可以实现株距行距的任意调整;最后,试制样机并进行了田间移栽作业,使用西红柿苗、黄瓜苗、辣椒苗作为试验对象开展移栽试验。试验结果表明:3种钵苗的株距变异系数均小于10%,栽植深度合格率均大于90%,西红柿苗栽植成功率为91.21%,黄瓜苗栽植成功率为92.31%,辣椒苗栽植成功率为94.91%,各项性能指标符合旱地栽植机械国家标准,栽植性能稳定。At present,in view of the problems of high equipment cost,poor versatility,and the inability of outdoor dryland transplanters to transplant vegetable seedlings in facilities,a semi-automated facility agricultural vegetable based on single-chip microcomputer control has been designed.The pot seedling transplanter realizes the automatic adjustment of seedling supply,planting,soil covering and row spacing of vegetable pot seedlings.First,it is determined that the transplanter adopts electric control,and the control part adopts Arduino control.Cylinders and electric push rods replace the previous complicated mechanical transmission mechanism to move in space to complete planting.The single-chip microcomputer controls four stepping motors to complete the three-dimensional movement of the duckbill transplanter,and can realize the arbitrary adjustment of the plant spacing and row spacing.Finally,prototypes were trial-produced and field transplanting experiments were carried out,using tomato seedlings and cucumber seedlings as test objects to carry out transplanting experiments.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of plant spacing of the two pot seedlings was less than 10%,the qualified rate of planting depth was greater than 85%,the success rate of tomato seedlings was 91.50%,and that of cucumber seedlings was 93.50%.The performance indicators meet the national standards for dryland planting machinery,and the planting performance is stable.

关 键 词：电动移栽机 蔬菜钵苗 单片机 都市微农业 

分 类 号：S223.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]