基于遗传算法和图论法的生态安全格局构建与优化——以武汉市为例  

Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern Based on Genetic Algorithm and Graph Theory:A Case Study of Wuhan City

作　　者：王子琳 李志刚[1] 方世明 Wang Zilin;Li Zhigang;Fang Shiming(School of Urban Design/Hubei Habitat Environment Research Center of Engineering and Technology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China;School of Public Administration/Key Laboratory of Legal Evaluation Project of Ministry of Land and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院/湖北省人居环境工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)公共管理学院/国土资源部法律评价工程重点实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地理科学》2022年第10期1685-1694,共10页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41201574、41771167)资助。

摘　　要：以武汉市为例,通过分析生态系统服务价值、生态敏感性、景观连通性及生态需求识别武汉市陆地和水域生态源地,利用遗传算法获取最优生态源地。在此基础上,利用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)分别提取陆地和水域生态廊道,将生态源地与生态廊道叠加构建2017年武汉市生态安全格局。研究表明:2017年武汉市生态源地总面积约为1917.342 km^(2),其中陆地和水域生态源地面积分别为780.217 km^(2)和1137.125 km^(2);利用遗传算法识别的最优陆地和水域生态源地分别为65和32个,所提取的生态廊道总长度为2305.37 km,其中陆地和水域生态廊道长度分别为1497.86 km和807.51 km;武汉市生态安全格局呈现“三横、三纵、三团簇”特征。此外,分别新增了8个陆地和水域生态垫脚石及5个生态源地,运用图论法对比优化前后相关指标,发现优化后可构建更完善的生态安全格局,优化方案可行。该生态安全格局构建与优化方法可为高速发展的大都市的生态安全格局研究提供更科学的参考。Ecological security pattern is the bridge between ecosystem services and human society development,and it is a healthy spatial pattern of ecosystem existing in landscape.Most of the studies on corridor extraction have insufficient quantitative basis and strong subjectivity.For example,all ecological sources are directly used for the extraction of ecological corridors,or after subjectively eliminating or merging small ecological source areas,the remaining ecological source areas are used to extract ecological corridors,which is easy to cause the problems of corridor redundancy or low credibility.In addition,the research on the optimization of the ecological security pattern is not in-depth enough,which is mainly manifested in the determination of the optimized areas of the ecological security pattern without quantitative analysis of the optimization effect.This paper takes Wuhan City as an example,by analyzing ecosystem service value,ecological sensitivity,landscape connectivity and ecological needs,Wuhan land and water ecological sources were identified.And using genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal ecological source,on this basis,the minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR)was used to extract the land and water ecological corridors,respectively.The ecological source and ecological corridor are superimposed to construct the ecological security pattern of Wuhan in 2017.The results show that in 2017,the total area of ecological source in Wuhan was about 1917.342 km^(2),of which the land and water ecological source areas were 780.217 km^(2) and 1137.125 km^(2),respectively.The number of the optimal land and water ecological sources identified by the genetic algorithm is 65 and 32 respectively.The extracted ecological corridors have a total length of 2305.37 km,and the length of land and water ecological corridors is1497.86 km and 807.51 km,respectively.The ecological security pattern in Wuhan presents the characteristics of“three horizontal,three vertical and three clusters”,and in general,the ecological secu

关 键 词：生态安全格局 生态源地 生态廊道 遗传算法 图论法 武汉 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]