异地异级调用检察官制度的合宪性分析  

The Constitutionality of the System of Transferring Prosecutors Between Procuratorates of Different Places or Levels

作　　者：程雪阳 Cheng Xueyang

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院/公法研究中心

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2022年第6期71-86,共16页Global Law Review

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“习近平法治思想中的民生保障理论研究”(21&ZD190)的研究成果。

摘　　要：现行《人民检察院组织法》《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则》建立的异地异级调用检察官制度,在当前的司法实践中引发了较大争议。由于相关争议涉及到诸多宪法问题,因此需要在宪法层面明确该项制度的合宪性。体系化的宪法解释学分析表明,异地异级调用检察官制度的基本框架符合现行《宪法》的要求,但要确保该项制度具有充分的合宪性,其制度内容需进行补强和完善。具体来说,《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则》应当为该项制度增加“调用决定需获得调出地人大常委会同意”“被调用检察官应接受调入地检察院检察长领导并被后者任命为非常任检察官”“调入地检察长应向本地人大及其常委会备案并报告调用检察官工作情况”等内容。同时,该项制度的适用还应受到“提级管辖和指定管辖具有优先适用性”“最多由两名公诉人出庭公诉一名被告”等规则的约束。The system of transferring prosecutors between procuratorates of different places or levels established by the current Organic Law of the People’s Procuratorates and the Rules of Criminal Procedure for People’s Procuratorates has caused great controversy in the current judicial practice,and the constitutionality of the system should be clarified at the constitutional level.The systematic hermeneutic analysis of the Chinese Constitution shows that the basic framework of this system meets the relevant constitutional requirements for the following three reasons:firstly,Article 137(2)of the Constitution clearly stipulates that“the Supreme People’s Procuratorate directs the work of local people’s procuratorates at various levels and special people’s procuratorates,and the people’s procuratorates at higher levels lead the work of the people’s procuratorates at lower levels.”In the usage rules of Chinese language,the meaning of“lead”contains the content element of“allocating all kinds of human resources of subordinate organs”;secondly,the system is also in line with other“content regulation norms”and“boundary control norms”of the Constitution aimed at concretizing the connotation of Article 137(2)of the Constitution;finally,under different constitutional systems,“procuratorial integration”has different normative meanings.According to Article 136 of the Constitution,the exercisers of procuratorial power are“procuratorates”,rather than“procurators”.However,the content of the system needs to be strengthened and improved in order to guarantee the full constitutionality of the whole system.Specifically,the following contents should be added to the Rules of Criminal Procedure for People’s Procuratorates:“the decision to transfer a prosecutor to a procuratorate in another place shall be made only with the consent of the standing committee of the people’s congress that has appointed the prosecutor(of the place from which the prosecutor is to be transferred out)”,“the trans

关 键 词：调用检察官 检察一体 人大制度 合宪性 法秩序统一 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.3[政治法律—法学]