逻辑与哲学——亚里士多德和弗雷格给我们的启示  

Logic and Philosophy:The Insights Aristotle and Frege Give Us

作　　者：王路[1] Wang Lu

机构地区：[1]郑州大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2022年第11期91-99,F0003,共10页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：亚里士多德和弗雷格分别是传统逻辑和现代逻辑的创始人,也是形而上学和分析哲学的奠基人。他们的思想揭示了如下认识:逻辑可以用自然语言表达,也可以用形式语言表达;形式语言是达到精确性的唯一方式,但并非形式的就是逻辑,也并非只有形式的才是逻辑。逻辑与哲学是紧密联系在一起,不可分割的;哲学是关于认识本身的认识,逻辑是关于有效推理的认识,因而与认识本身相关,所以逻辑会与哲学密切相关;逻辑的方法是可以普遍应用的,但是研究问题的不同会导致结果的不同。至关重要的是,应用逻辑的方法应该促进和推动相关问题领域的发展。Aristotle is the father of traditional logic and metaphysics,while Frege the father of modern logic and analytical philosophy. Their work helps us to realize the following ideas. First,logic can be expressed both by natural language and by formal language. It is not true that what is formal is logic,nor that only what is formal is logic,though formalization is the only way to reach the level of exactness. Second,logic is linked closely with philosophy. Philosophy is the science dealing with knowledge itself. Logic is the science of valid reasoning,linking closely with knowledge,therefore with philosophy. Third,the method of logic can be used in a wide way to deal with the problems in different fields. It is important to realize that logic is not only a formal way to express some ideas but also a theory and method with which the fields in question can make progress,as their problems can be solved by means of logic.

关 键 词：系词 真 先验 加字 

分 类 号：B81-05[哲学宗教—逻辑学]