Successful or pathological cognitive aging?Converging into a“frontal preservation,temporal impairment(FPTI)”hypothesis  

成功认知老化与病理认知老化的“额叶保持,颞叶损伤”假说

作　　者：Yiru Yang Yaojing Chen Feng Sang Shaokun Zhao Jun Wang Xin Li Chuansheng Chen Kewei Chen Zhanjun Zhang 杨意如;陈姚静;桑峰;赵少琨;王君;李馨;陈传升;陈克伟;张占军(State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Nursing and Rehabilitation,Cheeloo College of Medicine,Shandong University,Jinan 250012,China;Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative(BABRI)Center,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Department of Psychology and Social Behavior,University of California,Irvine 92697,USA;Banner Alzheimer’s Institute,Phoenix 85006,USA)

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China [2]School of Nursing and Rehabilitation,Cheeloo College of Medicine,Shandong University,Jinan 250012,China [3]Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative(BABRI)Center,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China [4]Department of Psychology and Social Behavior,University of California,Irvine 92697,USA [5]Banner Alzheimer’s Institute,Phoenix 85006,USA

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2022年第22期2285-2290,共6页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by Science and Technology Innovation2030 Major Projects(2022ZD0211600);State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130118);International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81820108034);General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971038 and 32171085);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700485).

摘　　要：Most elderly individuals experience cognitive decline with increasing age[1],some even suffer from pathological cognitive aging,such as dementia;however,there are exceptional elderly individuals who maintain superior cognitive performance,and they are referred to as those who have experienced successful cognitive aging(SCA)[2].The majority of research has been on pathological cognitive aging and its neural mechanisms,and much less is known about SCA[3].How is SCA characterized neuroanatomically?Specifically,whether SCA individuals’better cognitive maintenance is related to lessening pathological damage to the brain or to the higher preservation of specific brain characteristics that are not related to pathology?The neural mechanisms causing this wide array of individual cognitive differences in aging are largely unknown.认知老化存在明显的异质性:一部分人会经历病理认知老化乃至罹患认知障碍,也有一部分人能在高龄仍保持优异的认知能力,即成功认知老化(SCA).SCA的脑结构基础及其区别于病理认知老化的脑特征尚不清楚.本研究基于北京老年脑健康计划大型队列,选取了198名老年受试者开展研究,分为SCA组、轻度认知障碍(MCI)组和认知正常控制(CNC)组.通过对全脑灰质体积、灰质共变网络和白质结构网络的分析,本研究发现:SCA组相较其他两组在左侧额中回灰质体积更大,在额叶灰质共变网络保持有更高的完整性和共变强度,且在额叶-基底神经节区域有更高的白质网络节点效率;而MCI组相较其他两组在颞枕区域表现为灰质体积下降、灰质网络完整性降低、白质节点效率受损.灰、白质网络叠加和空间相关分析进一步揭示了SCA组对额叶脑结构的特异性保持和MCI组对颞叶脑结构的特异性损伤.基于上述结果,本研究提出“额叶保持,颞叶损伤”假说用以解释认知老化异质性的脑神经机制.

关 键 词：认知老化 灰质体积 颞叶损伤 脑结构 基底神经节 额中回 特异性损伤 认知障碍 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]