美国政治话语中的文化理性:文化语用学视角  

Cultural Rationality in the Political Discourse of the United States:A Perspective of Cultural Pragmatics

作　　者：赵鑫 毛延生 ZHAO Xin;MAO Yansheng

机构地区：[1]南京大学中国语言战略研究中心 [2]哈尔滨工程大学中国语言战略研究中心

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期117-128,共12页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目“社会转型期权力话语边界管理的语用案例库建设研究”(项目编号:19YYD220)。

摘　　要：作为语言学与政治学的界面研究对象,政治话语既是一种语言存在形式,也是一种具有语言本性、以意识形态为导向建构的话语实践。以往政治话语研究鲜有关涉文化视角,而话语、文化与意识形态的关系密不可分。引入文化视角,从文化理性出发,以美国政治话语为语料,分析文化因素如何植根于美国政治话语的建构与传播,旨在解释复杂多变的政治话语形式背后的驱动理据。基于美国政治话语语料分析,主要探讨了美国政治话语中文化理性的语用属性、语用分层和语用管理。结果表明:美国政治话语的文化理性具有工具性、从属性、权威性和可调节性等语用属性;美国政治话语的文化理性显现出层次化的语用分层结构,包括文化设定层、语用演算核心层和文化基础事实层,各层之间互相关联,层层递进;美国政治话语中文化理性的语用管理涉及言语行为的情境合理性、社会语境合理性和文化语境合理性。As is an interface between language and politics,political discourse is not only a form of language existence,but also a discursive practice with linguistic nature and ideological orientation.However,previous studies scarcely involve a cultural perspective and discourse,culture,and ideology are closely bound up.Therefore,through an introduction on cultural perspective,from an approach of cultural rationality,this article uses data from American political discourse,analyzes how cultural factors are rooted in the construction and dissemination of American political discourse,and explains the motivation behind these complex and changeable forms of political discourse.Based on the analysis of American political discourse,this article mainly discusses the pragmatic attributes,pragmatic stratification,and pragmatic management of cultural rationality in American political discourse.The results show that the cultural rationality in American political discourse has pragmatic attributes,including instrumentality,subordination,authority,and adjustability.At the same time,the cultural rationality of American political discourse shows a hierarchical pragmatic stratification and they are interrelated,including the layer of cultural designs,the layer of pragmatic principles,and the layer of basic cultural facts.The pragmatic management of cultural rationality in American political discourse involves the appropriateness of situational rationality,social contextual rationality,and cultural contextual rationality in speech acts.

关 键 词：文化语用学 政治话语 文化理性 文化语境 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]