中西“同途而殊归”的死亡观念--以《庄子·至乐》与《别离辞·莫伤悲》为例  

A Comparative Analysis on Chinese and Western Concept of Life and Death:A Case Study of A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning and Zhuangzi Zhile

作　　者：孙程程 韦清琦 SUN Cheng-cheng;WEI Qing-qi(School of Art,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;School of Foreign Language,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学艺术学院,江苏南京211189 [2]东南大学外国语学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第6期122-129,共8页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“当代美国女性环境书写的左翼思想研究”(18BWW078)。

摘　　要：庄子的《庄子·至乐》与约翰·多恩的《别离辞·莫伤悲》拥有相似的死亡观念,都强调“精神性存在的超越性”,认为人的精神性存在能够通过与肉体的分离,升华到永恒的精神境界。二人都强调人在死亡以后走向了完全不同的境界,但是所进入的永恒精神世界却存在很大差异。庄子提出的死亡超越是全方位的,彻底摆脱经验、个体与人生存在的限制,回归宇宙初始的道的混沌状态。多恩通过书写出明显具有形而上特点的人性之爱,使个体借助作为个体精神表征的爱情实现对死亡的超越。庄子与多恩的死亡观念体现出明显的“同途而殊归”的特点,说明中西方对死亡与不朽的关系存在完全不同的看法,其背后存在着中西文化的“未思之处”。John Donne and Zhuangzi share some similarities in the concept of life and death in A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning and Zhuangzi Zhile separately,hold similar views on the transcendence of spiritual existence,which sublimates to the eternal spiritual realm through separating from the physical body.But John Donne and Zhuangzi also emphasize the human head for the different eternal realms when they die and the eternal spiritual realms are different.Zhuangzi’s transcendental consciousness is omnidirectional,completely separating from the limitation of human nature,empirical world and individuality,and back to the chaotic state of Tao in the beginning of the universe,which is the omnidirectional transcendence of Tao to individual spirit.Donne took the love as the representation of individual spirit to transcend the death of life by writing the metaphysical love of humanity.The concept of death of John Donne and Zhuangzi achieve the different goals by the same way,which give expression to the different views on the relationship about the death and the immortality.

关 键 词：庄子 约翰·多恩 生死观 个体精神 超越意识 

分 类 号：I106.2-03[文学—世界文学]