民事案件证明责任分配的法经济分析  

Legal Economic Analysis of the Distribution of Burden of Proof in Civil Cases

作　　者：李颖 Li Ying

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学证据科学研究院

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2022年第6期92-102,共11页Competition Policy Research

摘　　要：证明责任的分配方式受到有限司法资源的限制,体现着经济学上“效率”的内在追求。“效率”是指当成本一定时收益最大化;或当收益一定时成本最小化。与“收益最大化”具有主观性不同的是,“成本最小化”属于一种工具理性,具有一定的客观性。以民事案件中证明责任的分配为研究对象可以发现,无论是举证责任还是说服责任,都体现着对成本最小化,即效率的追求。举证责任的分配方式追求程序成本及证明成本最小化,说服责任的分配方式追求程序成本及错判损失(成本)最小化。民事案件证明责任的分配追求低成本的逻辑说明,公平和效率并非完全对立,公平可能只是效率的另外一个描述。只有尽量减少司法活动所需要的成本,才能在资源不变的前提下处理更多的案件。The allocation of the burden of proof is restricted by limited judicial resources,which reflects the inherent pursuit of"efficiency"in economics."Efficiency"refers to maximizing revenue when costs are constant,or minimize the cost when the income is certain.Different from the subjectivity of"profit maximization","cost minimization"is a kind of instrumental rationality,which has certain objectivity.Taking the distribution of burden of proof in civil cases as the research object,it can be found that both the burden of proof and the burden of persuasion embody the pursuit of cost minimization,that is,efficiency.The distribution of the burden of proof pursues the minimization of procedure cost and proof cost,and the distribution of the burden of persuasion pursues the minimization of procedure cost and misjudgment loss(cost).The logic that the distribution of burden of proof in civil cases pursues low-cost shows that fairness and efficiency are not completely opposite,and fairness may only be another description of efficiency.Only by minimizing the costs of judicial activities can more cases be handled with the same level of resources.

关 键 词：民事案件 证明责任分配 法经济分析 效率 成本最小化 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]