审级职能定位改革背景下的民事有限三审制重思  

Reconsideration of Limited Civil Three-Trial Adjudication System Under the Background of Reform

作　　者：王次宝[1] 李桂杰 WANG Cibao;LI Guijie(College of Humanities and Law,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学文法学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期34-45,66,共13页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：司法部2021年度法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目(21SFB2016)。

摘　　要：四级法院审级职能定位改革试点对我国原有“柱形式”审级结构进行了较大幅度的改良,但能否就此建立起真正意义上的“金字塔型”审级结构尚存疑问。我国现行审级制度混淆了各级法院的审级职能,缺乏区分事实问题和法律问题的司法技术,导致法律适用的不统一,也背离了审级制度多元化的发展趋势。而建立有限三审终审制可以更有效地解决上述问题。一方面我国具有构建此种审级制度的历史基因,另一方面本次审级职能定位改革试点也为构建该类审级制度提供了契机。同时这也是域外法治发达国家的普遍做法。我国今后民事审级制度的发展方向应是建立以两审终审制为主体,以一审终审制和有限三审制为补充的多元化审级制度。The pilot reform of the adjudication function orientation of the four-level courts has greatly improved the original“column”adjudication structure in China,but it is doubtful whether the“pyramid”adjudication structure can be established in the real sense.China’s current adjudication system confuses the adjudication functions of the courts at all levels and lacks the judicial technology to distinguish between factual issues and legal issues,which leads to the inconsistency of the application of the law and also deviates from the trend of the diversified adjudication system.The establishment of the limited three-trial and final adjudication system can solve the above problems more effectively.On the one hand,China has the historical basis of constructing this kind of adjudication system;on the other hand,the pilot reform of the adjudication function positioning also provides an opportunity for its construction.At the same time,it is also a common practice in developed countries under the rule of law.In the future,the civil adjudication system in China should establish a diversified adjudication system with the two-trial and final adjudication system as the main body,and the one-trial and final adjudication system and the limited three-trial system as the supplement.

关 键 词：审级职能定位改革 民事有限三审制 两审终审制 多元化审级制度 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.2[政治法律—法学]