基于临床和核磁特征对常见鞍区囊性/囊实性病变的诊断与鉴别  

Diagnosis and differentiation of common sellar cystic/cystic-solid lesions based on clinical and MRI features

作　　者：郭清华[1] 孟凡银 母义明[1] Guo Qinghua;Meng Fanyin;Mu Yiming(Department of Endocrinology,The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;Department of Radiology,The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院第一医学中心内分泌科,北京100853 [2]解放军总医院第一医学中心放射诊断科,北京100853

出　　处：《中华内分泌代谢杂志》2022年第11期1009-1014,共6页Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82270824);海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2018117)。

摘　　要：鞍区囊性病变是鞍区占位性病变的特殊类型之一,主要包括垂体瘤囊变、颅咽管瘤、Rathke囊肿、垂体卒中、垂体脓肿、蛛网膜囊肿、表皮样囊肿等,不同种类的病变的治疗原则和策略不同,预后也有很大差异,因此,术前明确诊断有助于采用合理的治疗方案。鞍区囊性病变的体积增大到一定程度有可能出现占位效应和垂体激素改变,不同类型的囊性病变又各有特点,核磁等影像学也各具特色,本文将结合临床特点和影像学特征就该类病变的诊断与鉴别诊断进行归纳和分析,并总结出其鉴别诊断流程图,以提高对该类疾病的诊治水平。Cystic lesions in the sellar region are one of the special types of space-occupying lesions in the sellar region,including cystic pituitary adenoma,craniopharyngioma,Rathke′s cyst,pituitary apoplexy,pituitary abscess,arachnoid cyst,epidermoid Cysts,etc.Each type of lesion has its corresponding treatment principles and strategies,and the prognosis also varies.Therefore,a clear preoperative diagnosis helps to hammer out the right treatment plan.If the volume of cystic lesions in the sellar region increases to a certain extent,mass effect and changes in pituitary hormones may occur.Different types of cystic lesions have their own characteristics,so as MRI and other imaging.In this paper,the diagnosis and differential diagnosis are analyzed and summarized based on clinical and imaging features,flow chart of differential diagnosis is developed.

关 键 词：鞍区囊性病变 临床特征 磁共振成像 鉴别诊断 

分 类 号：R742[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]