"止足":从人生智慧到古代美学思想  

"Zhi Zu":From Life Wisdom to Chinese Ancient Aesthetic Theory

作　　者：张子尧 Zhang Ziyao

机构地区：[1]燕山大学文法学院

出　　处：《中国美学》2022年第1期84-99,共16页Chinese Aesthetics

摘　　要：“止足”是对老子“知足不辱,知止不殆”“见素抱朴,少私寡欲”生存哲学的概括。六朝政治动荡,士人奉“止足”为家风以自保。“止足”亦是南朝士人独特的审美人格。它糅合了嵇康“养生论”,向秀、郭象“适性逍遥”说等理论资源,其“不满而进,盈满则止”的双重意蕴,既肯定人的合理欲望,又警惕躁进不止,彰显着“入乎其内,出乎其外”的超脱态度。士人借此调和名教与自然,游走于仕隐之间,成就其人生美学。“止足”思想由潜到显,由起初的哲学术语,经时代的激发而成为人格范式,进而被推为家风。这彰显了中国古代美学文史哲交融互通的特色。探究“止足”的审美意蕴对揭示中国美学中“守柔”“含蓄”“冲淡”的阴柔维度亦具有深远的意义。The term"Zhi Zu"is a generalization of Lao Tzu's philosophy of"The contented man meets no disgrace;Who knows when to stop runs into no danger","Reveal thy simple self,embrace thy original nature,Check thy selfishness,Curtail thy desires".During the political turmoil of the Six Dynasties,scholars took"Zhi Zu",as their family tradition to protect themselves."Zhi Zu"is also an unique aesthetic personality of scholars in the Southern Dynasty.It combines Ji Kang's health nourishing thought and Xiang Xiu,Guo Xiang's theory of"Follow the inner-self and Carefree"and other theoretical resources.Its dual connotation of"Make progress when it is insufficient,and stop when it is sufficient",not only affirms people's reasonable desires,but also guards against restless advance,showing the attitude of"Dig into it's essence,and observe it beyond its boundaries."It is for intellectuals to reconcile Confucian ethical code and nature.They wander between worldliness and aloofness,and then realize their aesthetic life.From latent to obvious,from the initial philosophical term to a personality paradigm,"Zhi Zu"evolved through history,and became an aesthetic personality and family tradition.This process demonstrates the characteristic integration of literature,history and philosophy in Chinese aesthetics.Investigating the aesthetic connotation of"Zhi Zu"also has far-reaching significance for revealing the feminine dimension of Chinese aesthetics such as"Softness""Subtle Suggestion'and"Quiet Elegance".

关 键 词："止足" 审美心态 家风家训 生存哲学 

分 类 号：B83-092[哲学宗教—美学]