文化自觉与世界文明史书写  

Cultural Self-awareness and the Writing of the History of World Civilizations

作　　者：刘文明[1] Liu Wenming

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院,100089

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2022年第6期138-145,160,共9页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“西方史学史谱系中的文明史范式研究”(项目编号:19ZDA237)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：世界文明史的书写历史表明,在“西方中心论”的影响下,19世纪西方的世界文明史著作都不同程度地表现出以欧洲为中心的“自我”膨胀,而20世纪初作为舶来品的世界文明史在中国则表现为以欧洲为中心的“自我”丧失。但是,一些西方学者对西方文明的反思和批评,也使世界文明史书写出现了从“西方中心观”向平等互动观的变化,斯宾格勒的《西方的没落》、汤因比的《历史研究》、麦克尼尔的《西方的兴起》等著作在其中起了重要作用。20世纪的中国,随着学者们对文明史这种“新史体”的探索不断深入,他们力图将中国置于世界各文明之中来理解,从张国仁的《世界文化史大纲》到马克垚主编的《世界文明史》,无不体现出中国学者在书写世界文明史时不断强化的“文化自觉”。“文化自觉”是写好世界文明史的一个重要基础。In the shadow of“Western-centrism”,all the historical writings of world civilizations in the West in the nineteenth century,more or less,exhibited an exaggerated and elevated sense of the“self”centered on Europe.By contrast,as an imported product,the history of world civilizations was manifested in the loss of“self”centered on Europe in the early twentieth-century China.However,some Western scholars also started to critically examine Western civilization in their studies of history and changed from a Westerncentric view to an equal and interactive view.Oswald Spengler’s The Decline of the West,Arnold Toynbee’s A Study of History and William Mc Neill’s The Rise of the West and other works played an important role in this progress.As scholars explored the“new history”of civilization in the twentieth-century China,they sought to understand China in the context of world civilizations,such as Zhang Guoren’s Outline of the History of World Culture and Ma Keyao’s History of World Civilizations,they have exemplified how Chinese scholars could reinforce their“cultural self-awareness”in writing the history of world civilizations.“Cultural self-awareness”is an important foundation for writing a proper history of world civilizations.

关 键 词：世界文明史 文明反思 文化自觉 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学] K107