青藏高原气象因子与施肥对青稞产量的影响  

Influence of meteorological factors and fertilization on Hulless barley yield in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：甘子鹏 徐海燕[1] 薛守业 李莉莎 张博 李小明 梁冰妍 种碧莹 刘桂民[1] 吴晓东 GAN Zi-peng;XU Hai-yan;XUE Shou-ye;LI Li-sha;ZHANG Bo;LI Xiao-ming;LIANG Bing-yan;CHONG Bi-ying;LIU Gui-min;WU Xiao-dong(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of the Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院/冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站,兰州730000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第10期2421-2427,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41861011)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过调查青藏高原不同地区的青稞产量,揭示气候变化和施肥方式对青稞产量的影响。【方法】获取青藏高原各地的青稞产量、气象和品种数据,分析气候因子及施肥管理方式和青稞产量的关系。【结果】青藏高原西藏自治区、青海省和甘南藏族自治州46个县市的青稞产量在75~425 kg变化。西藏自治区、青海省和甘南藏族自治州在空间上青稞产量从西到东呈降低趋势,青海省青稞产量整体趋势上高于西藏自治区和甘南藏族自治州。青藏高原青稞产量随海拔和降水的增加而减少,在海拔2200~3800 m显著高于海拔3800~4200 m(P<0.05)。青稞产量随平均温度的升高和日照时数的增加而增加,在日照时数1100~1300 h显著高于700~900 h(P<0.05)。【结论】在相似气候条件下,农家肥、化肥配合施用下青稞产量显著提高,化肥施用下的青稞产量极显著提高。青稞在青藏高原海拔较低、温度偏高、日照充足和降水较少的地区产量较高。化肥的施用有利于提高青稞产量,但为了农业可持续发展,通过选择适宜的气候区并结合有机肥的使用来提高青稞产量是下一步青稞发展的重点方向。年积温、平均温度、相对湿度、降水、日照时数分别在2262.1℃、14.8℃、53.9%、312.6 mm、1153.4 h左右的气候最适宜青稞种植,同时,对青稞进行适当的施肥可促进青稞增产。【Objective】The goal of the present study is to quantify the impact of climate and manure on hulless barley yield.【Method】The yield, meteorology and variety data of hulless barley from all over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were obtained, and the relationship between climate factors, fertilization management and hulless barley yield was analyzed.【Result】The yield of hulless barley in 46 countiess in the Tibet Autonomous region, Qinghai province and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau varied between 75-425 kg. The spatial distribution of hulless barley showed a decreasing trend from west to east. The hulless barley yield in Qinghai province was largely higher than that of the Tibet Autonomous region and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The yield of hulless barley decreased with the increasing altitude and precipitation, and it was significantly higher at altitudes of 2200-3800 meters than that of 3800-4200 meters(P<0.05). The yield of hulless barley increased with the mean temperature and sunshine hours, and the areas with sunshine duration of 1100-1300 hours had a significantly higher yield than that of 700-900 hours(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Under similar climatic conditions, the hulless barley yield under the application of farm manure and chemical fertilizer was significantly higher than that of non-fertilizer. The hulless barley yields were higher in areas with lower altitudes, higher temperatures, sufficient sunshine and less rainfall. The application of chemical fertilizers can increase the hulless barley yield. For the achievement of sustainable development of agriculture, it was important to plant the hulless barley under favorable climate zones, as well as application of organic fertilizers. The study showed that the areas with growing season accumulative temperature, mean temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and sunshine duration of 2262.1 ℃, 14.8 ℃, 53.9%, 312.6 mm, and 1153.4 hours were favorable for hulles barley growth, and the manure management

关 键 词：气象因子 施肥 气候区 产量 青稞 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]