“慈本论”基础上的“良心认识论”——兼论“立心”对道德教育的基础作用  

“Conscience Epistemology”Based on“Loving-kindness Theory”:The Basic Role of“Strengthening Conscience”in Moral Education

作　　者：蔡昱[1] CAI Yu(Financial Research Institute,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China)

机构地区：[1]云南财经大学金融研究院,云南昆明650221

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2023年第1期1-10,26,共11页Chinese Medical Ethics

摘　　要：在“慈本论”崭新的存在论基础上确认了人之(具内在自然法导向和道德力量的)“良心”是作为人之存在的“第一因”的“生命需要-生命固有的本真驱动力‘慈’”,它为道德的现实化提供动力,为道德判断和实践提供本然性的应然性的尺度,为美德和规范提供价值基础。因此,“立心”即认识、激活与强化良心及其功能与表达是道德教育的基础和关键环节,它的缺失是“精神接生术”式的或知性的道德教育失败的原因。以普遍性的知识揭示了“良心认识论”是“立心”的前提条件,是急需开拓的道德教育和道德哲学的基础领域。以普遍性的知识揭示了“良心认识论”,包括:揭示了“立心”的前提条件是遮挡或超越“生存性恐惧”;揭示了良心在生命理性情感、人格、生命态度和行为方式等方面的表现(即“相”——“不同者”);揭示了认识良心(也即敞开人之存在)的认知性的生命理性谱系;揭示了“立心”的原理。其中,各种生命理性和生命理性情感都是感性和理性的统一、自由性与道德性的统一,也都具有普遍性。Based on the new ontology of the“loving-kindness theory”,it is confirmed that the“conscience”of human beings(with internal natural law guidance and moral force)is“loving-kindness”,which is the“needs/intrinsic driving force of life”as the“first cause”of human existence.It provides force for the realization of morality,yardstick of the natural necessity for moral judgment and practice,and value basis for virtue and norms.Therefore,“strengthening conscience”,that is,recognizing,activating and strengthening conscience and its function and expression,is the foundation and key link of moral education.Its lack is the reason for the failure of“spiritual midwifery-style”or intellectual moral education.Revealing“conscience epistemology”with universal knowledge is the prerequisite of“strengthening conscience”,and the fundamental field of moral education and moral philosophy that urgently needs to be explored.This paper revealed the“conscience epistemology”with universal knowledge,including that the precondition for revealing the“strengthening conscience”was to obscure or transcend“survival fear”;revealed the the appearance of conscience in terms of life rational emotions,personality,attitude to life,and behavior mode(i.e.“phase”and“different”);revealed the cognitive life rational pedigree of cognitive conscience(i.e.opening up human existence);revealed the principle of“strengthening conscience”.Among them,all kinds of life rationality and life rational emotion are the unity of sensibility and reason,the unity of freedom and morality,and also with universality.

关 键 词：良心认识论 生命需要 生存性恐惧 慈本论 生命理性情感 生命理性 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]