Shedding light on neurons:optical approaches for neuromodulation  

作　　者：Shan Jiang Xiang Wu Nicholas J.Rommelfanger Zihao Ou Guosong Hong 

机构地区：[1]Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,CA 94305,USA [2]Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute,Stanford University,Stanford,CA 94305,USA [3]Department of Applied Physics,Stanford University,Stanford,CA 94305,USA

出　　处：《National Science Review》2022年第10期28-48,共21页国家科学评论（英文版）

基　　金：a National Institutes of Health(NIH)Pathway to Independence Award(National Institute on Aging 5R00AG056636-04);a National Science Foundation(NSF)CAREER Award(2045120);a Rita Allen Foundation Scholars Award,a Beckman Technology Development Grant;a gift from the Spinal Muscular Atrophy(SMA)Foundation;a gift from the Pinetops Foundation;two seed grants from the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute;a seed grant from the Bio-X Initiative of Stanford University;a Stanford Graduate Fellowship.N.J.R.acknowledges support from the NSF Graduate Research Fellowships Program(GRFP);a Stanford Bio-X fellowship.Z.O.acknowledges the support by a Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Interdisciplinary Scholar Award.

摘　　要：Today’s optical neuromodulation techniques are rapidly evolving,benefiting from advances in photonics,genetics and materials science.In this review,we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest optical approaches for neuromodulation.We begin with the physical principles and constraints underlying the interaction between light and neural tissue.We then present advances in optical neurotechnologies in seven modules:conventional optical fibers,multifunctional fibers,optical waveguides,light-emitting diodes,upconversion nanoparticles,optical neuromodulation based on the secondary effects of light,and unconventional light sources facilitated by ultrasound and magnetic fields.We conclude our review with an outlook on new methods and mechanisms that afford optical neuromodulation with minimal invasiveness and footprint.

关 键 词：optical neuromodulation OPTOGENETICS neural interfaces 

分 类 号：O439[机械工程—光学工程] R338[理学—光学]