戴震“背师”问题析论  

An Analysis and Discussion of Whether Dai Zhen Betrayed His Teacher

作　　者：乔治忠[1,2] Qiao Zhizhong

机构地区：[1]廊坊师范学院,河北廊坊065000 [2]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2022年第12期113-122,共10页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：清代学者戴震是否“背师”的问题,学界颇有争议,莫衷一是。此中还牵涉他是否曾经正式拜江永为师,这些都应当予以论定,作为整体上研讨戴震的学术前哨。随着新旧史料的发掘和阐释,戴震曾经拜江永为师的事实可以基本理清。江永在天文历算学上有极高造诣,推重西学,不同意“西学中源”之说,受到当时学界主流的排斥和冷落。但江永坚持实事求是原则,并以此教导弟子,这曾获得戴震赞颂。但戴震于乾隆十九年进京之后,将从江永处学到的天文、历算等知识,反用于阿附“西学中源”说,投靠主流学界和官方以谋求名利,做出许多践踏学术底线的行为,这是无可辩解的背师行径。Did Dai Zhen of the Qing dynasty betray his teacher?There are a lot of controversies on this issue in the academic circles,and there is no consensus.It also involves whether Dai Zhen had formally taken Jiang Yong as his teacher.These should be discussed as the academic basis for the overall study of Dai Zhen.With the excavation and interpretation of old and new historical materials,the fact that Dai Zhen was a student of Jiang Yong can be basically clarified.Jiang Yong was highly accomplished in astronomy,calendar and mathematics.He advocated the value of Western learning and opposed the theory that“Western learning originated in China”.Therefore,Jiang Yong was rejected and ignored by the mainstream of the academic circles.But he adhered to the principle of seeking truth from facts and taught his disciples in this principle,which was once highly praised by Dai Zhen.After Dai Zhen came to Beijing in the nineteenth year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign,he used the astronomic,calendar and mathematical knowledge learned from Jiang Yong to cater to the theory that“Western learning originated in China”.Dai Zhen broke through many academic bottom lines and turned to the mainstream of academic circles and officials to seek personal fame and fortune.All these behaviors were an act of unjustifiable betrayal of his teacher.

关 键 词：戴震 西学中源 江永 三角函数 

分 类 号：K061[历史地理—历史学] B249.6[哲学宗教—中国哲学]