任务转换和目标变化下的自我加工优势  

The Prioritization of Self-Associated Stimuli on Task Switching and Target Shifting

作　　者：胡文燕 张清娥[2] 李毕琴 Hu Wenyan;Zhang Qinge;Li Biqin(Lab of Psychology and Cognition Science of Jiangxi,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,330022;Jiangxi Provincial Partyschool of CPC,Nanchang,330108)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学心理学院,江西省心理与认知科学重点实验室,南昌330022 [2]中共江西省委党校,南昌330108

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第5期1053-1060,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：江西省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目(XL20101);江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(JD21041)的资助。

摘　　要：本研究旨在通过联结学习任务和线索转换任务探讨自我关联刺激在任务转换和目标变化下的加工优势。结果发现:(1)相比于朋友和陌生人,自我更容易学习联结;(2)在线索转换任务中,所有关联刺激均未出现任务转换成本;(3)在目标变化条件下,自我关联刺激的目标结转效率最佳。结果表明自我关联刺激能够调节任务转换成本,并且在目标变化条件下能快速聚焦注意,表现出基于感知的特异性加工优势。Information associated with the self is prioritized relative to information associated with others and is therefore processed more quickly and accurately.Previous studies have found that self-associated stimuli would rapidly activate self-concept and enhance social attentional orientation in the limited cognitive resources,thus showing the prioritization at the level of perceptual processing.However,the other researchers proposed that the source of the self-bias was more consistent with a response bias rather than a perception bias.Although the conclusions of the above research are not consistent,it is undeniable that self-associated stimuli have a self-processing bias in attention,memory,and response.Here we used an improved task-switching paradigm to investigate the self-prioritization in the condition of task-switching and target shifting.Based on the task-set reconstruction theory,we investigated the prioritization of self-associated stimuli through the moderating effect of self-associated stimuli on task-switching costs.We further explored the perception bias of self-associated stimuli by comparing the carry-over rate under the condition of target shifting.The present study reported an experiment to assess the prioritization of the self-associated stimuli on task switching and target shifting.We combined an associative learning task with a task-switching task (categorizing judgment task).27 participants participated in the experiment.In the associative learning task,three geometric shapes (circle,square,&triangle) were randomly assigned to three labels (self,friend,and stranger).Having formed a personal association,participants performed the categorizing judgment task.Participants were predictably informed on the rule of each task by pre-cues.The rules were either"self/non-self"or"familiar/unfamiliar".Participants needed to judge which option the shape belongs to.Reaction time and accuracy were measured when participants conducted the tasks and analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance(ANOVAs) wi

关 键 词：自我关联刺激 任务转换成本 目标变化 目标结转 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]