对体胖者的社会性偏向:本土化视角的探索  

An Indigenous Research on Social Bias of Evaluating the Obese People

作　　者：魏谨 谢志杰[2] 温芳芳 谭潇[2] 宋仕婕[2] 佐斌 Wei Jin;Xie Zhijie;Wen Fangfang;Tan Xiao;Song Shijie;Zuo Bin(School of Tourism and Hospitality Management,Wuhan City Polytechnic,Wuhan,430070;School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Social Psychology,Central Normal University,Wuhan,430079;Department of Psychology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,510006)

机构地区：[1]武汉城市职业学院旅游与酒店管理学院,武汉430070 [2]华中师范大学心理学院暨社会心理研究中心,武汉430079 [3]中山大学心理学系,广州510006

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第5期1190-1197,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA331)的资助。

摘　　要：通过三个研究从本土化视角探索人们对体胖者的社会性偏向特征。研究1采用访谈法和问卷法获得了被试对体胖者的刻板印象内容;研究2使用情感温度计和AMP范式对“体胖者”的外显与内隐偏见进行了测量;研究3通过情境测量对比人们在不同生活情境中对体胖者的行为反应。结果表明,中国被试对体胖者的刻板印象内容提名以高热情特质为主,刻板印象评价呈现低能力为主的特征;人们对体胖者没有外显偏见,但存在一定内隐偏见;社会生活情境中体胖者可能遭遇歧视,对女性体胖者的歧视程度更高。总体上,人们对体胖者的社会性偏向表现出复合性的本土化特征。The obese people are regarded as the last socially acceptable stigma group in western society, prejudice and discrimination against them are widespread and open. In the past 30 years, the proportion of obese people in China has doubled, ranked the first in the world. Obese people may not only face more personal health crisis, but also have to face more social psychological crisis. It is worth noting that there are relatively few indigenous studies on the social bias in the perspective of "how people view them" at present. Therefore, this study explores the basic problems of social bias such as stereotype, prejudice and discrimination of obese people in the current society.Stereotype belongs to social cognitive bias, prejudice is the emotional response bias based on stereotype, while discrimination is the behavioural bias based on stereotype and prejudice. They are three closely related concepts in social bias. Accordingly, the present research consisted of three studies. Study 1 was interested in the public perception of the characteristics of obese people by comparing qualitative and quantitative stereotypes of obese people. Study 2 used the Feeling Thermometer Scale and Affect Misattribution Procedure(AMP) to explore the explicit and implicit attitude of obese people. Study 3 compared circumstances of the obese people in four common life situations(recruitment, taking tax, dining and group tour), and investigated people’s discrimination(behaviour tendency) towards obese people.The results showed that:(1) People’s trait nominations for obese people showed a lot of positive traits of "high warmth", but rarely involved the dimension of competence. The top 10 traits were: loveliness, kindness, optimism, openness, humor, gentleness, mildness, energy, truthfulness and liveliness. Interestingly, the prototype of the obese people was “happy young man”. The quantitative stereotype evaluation of obese people showed moderate warmth and low competence.(2) The explicit attitude towards obese people was positive, whi

关 键 词：体胖者 社会性偏向 刻板印象 偏见 歧视 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]