利用数值模拟重构物种多样性格局的形成过程  

Reconstructing community assembly using a numerical simulation model

作　　者：乔慧捷[1] 胡军华[2] Huijie Qiao;Junhua Hu(Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《生物多样性》2022年第10期351-359,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题(NGSB-2021-14-05);国家自然科学基金(32271732)。

摘　　要：生命形成的过程极其漫长,经历了地球系统复杂的沧海桑田变化。当前人类所观察到的物种分布格局的形成除了由物种本身特征决定外,还受到环境变化、人类活动以及各种随机事件的影响。受限于实验条件、时间、经费、人力等诸多因素,我们尚无法完整地观察并记录到物种多样性形成的全过程,只能通过片段化数据来推测该过程。信息科学中包括数值模拟在内的仿真技术以其高效、可控及全过程记录等优势,能从某种程度上解决物种多样性格局形成过程中的部分数据黑箱问题。本文介绍了数值模拟的概念和工作原理及在物种多样性研究中应用的特点,列举了物种生态位、扩散模式、种间互作及物种分布应对气候变化等方面的数值模拟研究,基于已有研究系统地介绍了如何综合上述数值模拟研究构建虚拟物种、气候和场景来解释物种多样性的形成与维持机制,并阐述了数值模拟在物种多样性研究中的优缺点及应用前景。Background:The formation of ecological communities has occurred through a long process of evolution.The current community composition we have observed is not only determined by the ecological traits of the species itself but also affected by environmental changes,human activities,and various random events.Time scales and experimental constraints mean we cannot fully observe the process of community assembly,and can only speculate on this process through fragmented data.Simulations can be used to test aspects of community assembly thanks to their relative efficiency,controllability,and traceability.Aim:We review efforts to simulate of community assembly and the approaches taken to combine different explanations for assembly.We note advantages,disadvantages,and prospects of simulation for study of community assembly.To introduce numerical simulation into the study of community assembly,it is necessary to extract the factors and rules that affect the assembly pathways and that can be modeled within the requirements of a chosen simulation model.Process:Robert Paine used virtual species to build community food web structure,and discussed the relationship between food web complexity and species diversity from a purely mathematical perspective approximately 50 years ago.Many subsequent studies,such as exploring the impact of isolation and sub-networks in complex food webs,and evaluating the impact of network isolation on ecological stability through food web complexity and other related theories,are typical cases of using numerical simulation at to consider the impact of interspecific interactions and the complexity–stability relationship.At the cross-community scale,May et al.modelled the abundance and distribution of individuals of different species in a spatially defined landscape,defining key attributes of multiple communities(total individuals,population density,and intraspecific degree of spatial aggregation,etc.),deducing the relevant indicators of biodiversity and comparing the performance of the biodiversity-

关 键 词：物种多样性 仿真 气候变化 动态环境 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]