1-辛烯-3-醇防治采后桃果实软腐病的作用  

Effect of 1-octen-3-ol on soft rot of postharvest peach fruit

作　　者：王晓钊 黄明明 王玉宁 杨文腾 石晶盈[1] WANG Xiaozhao;HUANG Mingming;WANG Yuning;YANG Wenteng;SHI Jingying(Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province,College of Food Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jining 272500,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山东省高校食品加工技术与质量控制重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省济宁市疾病预防控制中心,山东济宁272500

出　　处：《微生物学报》2022年第12期4878-4893,共16页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：山东省高等学校“青创科技计划”项目(2020KJE007);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021MC024)。

摘　　要：【目的】桃果实易受匍枝根霉(Rhizopusstolonifer)侵染引起软腐病,导致果实采后腐烂损失严重。目前人工合成的化学杀菌剂是控制桃果实采后病害的主要方法,但长期使用容易带来食品安全隐患、病原菌抗药性和环境污染等问题。通过研究生物源抑菌成分1-辛烯-3-醇对桃果实软腐病的控制作用,为减少化学农药使用和控制采后桃果实软腐病提供理论基础。【方法】使用1-辛烯-3-醇熏蒸接种匍枝根霉(R.stolonifer)后的桃果实,对果实抗病相关基因表达和酶活性进行测定。通过离体试验,研究1-辛烯-3-醇熏蒸对匍枝根霉(R.stolonifer)菌丝和孢子的影响。【结果】55.80μg/m L 1-辛烯-3-醇熏蒸处理可以显著降低桃果实的发病率和病斑直径(P<0.05),提高几丁质酶(chitinase,CHI)和β-1,3葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase,GLU)的活性以及病程相关基因非表达子1(nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related protein 1,NPR1)、病程相关蛋白1(pathogenesis-related protein1,PR1)、CHI和GLU的基因表达量。离体试验结果显示,1-辛烯-3-醇可抑制平板上匍枝根霉(R.stolonifer)菌丝的生长,使菌丝体细胞结构遭到破坏,同时显著降低麦角固醇含量(P<0.05),抑制孢囊孢子的萌发和芽管伸长,并通过破坏孢子的膜结构,引起活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)暴发与线粒体损伤。【结论】以上结果证实,1-辛烯-3-醇熏蒸处理不仅能直接破坏匍枝根霉(R.stolonifer)的菌丝与孢子,还可通过诱导桃果实的系统获得性抗性(systemic acquired resistance,SAR)抑制采后软腐病的蔓延。[Objective]Soft rot of postharvest peach fruit,induced by Rhizopus stolonifer,causes huge economic loss.Synthetic fungicides,which are effective for controlling postharvest diseases of peach fruit,pose a threat to food safety,trigger resistance development in the pathogen,and pollute the environment in the instance of long-term use.In this study,we explored the potential inhibitory effect of the biogenic fungicide 1-octen-3-ol on soft rot of peach fruit,hoping to provide an environmentally friendly fungicide for this disease and a reference for the control of soft rot in postharvest peach fruit.[Methods]The peach fruit was fumigated with 1-octen-3-ol after the inoculation with R.stolonifer,and the expression of disease resistance-related genes and activities of related enzymes were determined.The effect of 1-octen-3-ol on the hyphae and spores of R.stolonifer was investigated in vitro.[Results]Fumigation with 1-octen-3-ol at 55.80μg/m L reduced(P<0.05)the incidence of the disease and lesion diameter and improved the expression of nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related 1(NPR1),pathogenesis-related protein 1(PR1),chitinase(CHI),andβ-1,3-glucanase(GLU)genes,and the activities of CHI and GLU.The in vitro experiment showed that 1-octen-3-ol could inhibit the growth of R.stolonifer hyphae on the plate and destroy the cell structure of mycelium.Moreover,1-octen-3-ol could reduce the content of ergosterol in mycelium(P<0.05)and effectively suppress the germination of R.stolonifera sporangiospores and the elongation of germ tubes.It caused reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst and mitochondrial damage by destroying the membrane structure of spores,resulting in apoptosis.[Conclusion]1-octen-3-ol can not only directly destroy the hyphae and spores of R.stolonifer,but also induce systematic acquired resistance(SAR)of peach fruit to inhibit the spread of postharvest soft rot.

关 键 词：1-辛烯-3-醇 桃果实 软腐病 匍枝根霉 采后抗病 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]