我国口腔医师人力资源数量、结构与配置公平性分析  

Analyses on the quantity,structure and allocation equity of stomatologists in China

作　　者：张雪原 谢晨妹 王俊人 贾金忠 Zhang Xueyuan;Xie Chenmei;Wang Junren;Jia Jinzhong(General Office,Graduate School of Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100083,China;Applied Psychology,Peking University Sixth Hospital,Beijing 100191,China;Student Office,School of Medical Humanities,Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100083,China;Secretariat of National Steering Committee for Medical for Professional Degree Education,Graduate School of Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学研究生院医学部分院综合办公室,北京100083 [2]北京大学第六医院应用心理专业,北京100191 [3]北京大学医学人文学院学生办公室,北京100083 [4]北京大学研究生院医学部分院全国医学专业学位研究生教育指导委员会秘书处,北京100083

出　　处：《中华口腔医学杂志》2022年第11期1156-1162,共7页Chinese Journal of Stomatology

摘　　要：目的了解我国口腔医师的数量、结构和配置公平性的现状,为优化我国口腔医师资源配置提供依据及建议。方法通过《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》和《中华人民共和国行政区划简册》获取我国2010和2020年口腔执业(助理)医师相关数据,对我国口腔医师的现况进行描述性分析,采用基尼系数评价2010和2020年口腔医师的配置公平性。结果2020年口腔执业(助理)医师总数达27.80万人,与2010年(11.10万人)相比增幅为150.5%。口腔执业(助理)医师总体质量结构有所改善,口腔医师队伍性别比例均衡且年龄分布合理,口腔医师队伍以青年为主,44岁及以下人员共占71.6%(19.91万人/27.80万人)。高级职称人员占比下降至7.9%(2.20万人/27.80万人),高级职称总人数从1.15万人增加至2.20万人。口腔医师按人口分布的公平性较好,全国及各地区的基尼系数均在0.3以内。结论我国口腔医师数量、质量和配置公平性仍存在不足,需提升口腔医师的供给和质量,合理规划口腔医师人力资源配置。建议供给侧结构性改革,增加人才供给;医教协同,增加高层次教育供给;多主体参与,共促人才供给体系;优化指标,提升医师质量。Objective To study the quantity,structure and allocation equity of stomatologists,in order to provide bases and advices for improving the allocation of stomatologists in China.Methods On the basis of data from China Health Statistics Yearbooks and Brief Book of Administrative Divisions of the People′s Republic of China,the general situation of stomatologists was analyzed by descriptive analysis.Gini coefficient was used to evaluate the allocation equity in 2010 and 2020.Results The total number of stomatologists reached 2780 hundred in 2020,which increased by 150.5%compared with that in 2010.The overall quality structure of stomatologists had improved.The gender proportion was balanced and the age distribution was reasonable.The team was mainly composed by the young people,in which the numbers under 44 years old accounted for 71.6%(1991 hundred/2780 hundred).The proportion of personnel with senior professional titles decreased to 7.9%(220 hundred/2780 hundred)while the total number increased to 220 thousand.The distribution of stomatologists by population was fair.Gini coefficients of the whole country as well as the eastern,central and western regions were less than 0.3.Conclusions The quantity,quality and allocation equity of stomatologists were still insufficient in China.It is necessary to optimize the human resources allocation for stomatologists.It is suggested to increase the talents supply through supply-side reform,medicine-education collaboration and multi-agent participation.And it is suggested to optimize criterions to improve the quality of stomatologists.

关 键 词：牙医师 卫生人力 人力资源 配置公平性 人才培养 供给侧结构性改革 

分 类 号：R192.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]