病毒性肝硬化患者的饮食结构及其饮食指导需求调查  

Investigation and analysis of dietary structure and dietary guidance needs of patients with viral liver cirrhosis

作　　者：段晓娟 申丽香[1] 楚文博 DUAN Xiao-juan;SHEN Li-xiang;CHU Wen-bo(Department of Gastroenterology,Henan Provincial People's Hospital,Zhengzhou 450003,Henan,CHINA;Pediatric Intensive Care Unit,the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,CHINA)

机构地区：[1]河南省人民医院消化内科,河南郑州450003 [2]河南中医药大学第一附属医院儿童重症监护病房,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《海南医学》2022年第24期3235-3238,共4页Hainan Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的 调查病毒性肝硬化患者的饮食结构及其饮食指导需求,统计其饮食知识知晓情况,并分析影响病毒性肝硬化患者饮食知识知晓情况的因素。方法 对河南省人民医院消化内科2021年1~12月收治的128例病毒性肝硬化患者发放问卷调查,最终回收有效问卷118份,问卷有效回收率为92.19%。问卷内容包含性别、年龄等人口学特征、目前饮食结构、营养知识指导需求及需求方向、饮食知识知晓情况等,并根据饮食知识知晓情况调查得分(总分0~100分),分为知晓度高组(得分>80分)与知晓度低组(得分≤80分),采用非条件Logistics回归分析评估病毒性肝硬化患者饮食知识知晓度低的影响因素。结果 病毒性肝硬化患者饮食种类普遍较少,以<5种及5~10种居多;51例肝硬化代偿期患者每日摄入总热量为(31.29±4.05) kcal/kg,67例肝硬化失代偿期患者每日摄入总热量为(37.22±0.96) kcal/kg,均以碳水化合物占比最高,脂肪其次,蛋白质占比最少;病毒性肝硬化患者对肝硬化营养知识指导需求有93例,需求率为78.81%,需求方向以营养治疗居多(87.10%),其次为食物营养、饮食注意事项(分别为78.49%、74.19%);饮食知识知晓率以需戒烟、戒酒条目最高(95.76%),食欲差者可口服肠内营养混悬液的知晓率最低(5.93%);知晓度低组患者的受教育程度低于知晓度高组,肝硬化病程短于知晓度高组,肝硬化家族史少于知晓度高组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经非条件Logistics回归分析结果显示,受教育程度为初中及以下是病毒性肝硬化患者饮食知晓度低的危险因素(P<0.05),肝硬化病程≥5年及肝硬化家族史则为保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 本院病毒性肝硬化患者饮食种类普遍较少、蛋白质含量不高,大部分患者对肝硬化营养知识指导有主动了解的需求,受教育程度较低者更易出现饮食知晓度低,临床应予以重视,并制定针对性饮食指导方案�Objective To investigate the dietary structure and dietary guidance needs of patients with viral liver cirrhosis, to count the awareness of dietary knowledge, and to analyze the factors affecting the awareness of dietary knowledge in patients with viral liver cirrhosis. Methods A questionnaire survey was issued to 128 patients with viral liver cirrhosis who were admitted to Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from January2021 to December 2021. Finally, 118 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 92.19%. The contents of the questionnaire included demographic characteristics such as gender and age, current dietary structure, nutritional knowledge guidance needs and direction of the needs, and awareness of dietary knowledge. According to the score of dietary knowledge survey(total score of 0-100 points), the patients were divided into high awareness group(score>80 points) and low awareness group(score≤80 points). The influencing factors of low awareness of dietary knowledge in patients with viral liver cirrhosis were evaluated by unconditional Logistics regression analysis. Results The diet types of patients with viral liver cirrhosis were generally few, mainly<5 types and 5 to10 types. The total daily calorie intake was(31.29 ± 4.05) kcal/kg in the 51 patients with compensated cirrhosis and(37.22±0.96) kcal/kg in the 67 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, mainly from carbohydrate, followed by fat and then protein. There were 93 patients who needed nutrition knowledge guidance for liver cirrhosis, with the rate of78.81%. The direction of the needs was mostly nutrition therapy(87.10%), followed by food nutrition(78.49%) and dietary precautions(74.19%). The awareness rate of dietary knowledge was the highest in the item of quitting smoking and drinking(95.76%), and the awareness rate of taking oral enteral nutrition suspension for poor appetite was the lowest(5.93%). The education level of patients in low awareness group was

关 键 词：病毒性肝硬化 饮食 饮食结构 知识 指导 需求 

分 类 号：R575.2[医药卫生—消化系统]