病笃乱投医:英国“南沙基地建设”构想的形成与幻灭(1935—1938年)  

A Drowning Man Will Clutch at a Straw:The Formation and Disillusionment of the British Conception of Spratly Islands Base Construction between 1935 and 1938

作　　者：蔡梓 CAI Zi(East China Normal University,Shanghai 200061,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,上海200241

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2022年第10期61-74,共14页Pacific Journal

基　　金：2015年度国家社科基金“周边国家对华关系档案文献收集、整理与研究”特别委托项目(15@ZH009);2018年度国家社科基金“二十世纪中国收复南海诸岛历史主权研究”重大项目(18ZDA184)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“南沙基地建设”构想从形成到幻灭,与英国所处大国博弈形势演变及其帝国防务战略调整息息相关。其间,英国对南沙之于帝国东部防务体系之价值的认知变动起到关键影响。由于安全形势恶化,英国于1935年萌生在南海诸岛建设军事基地的想法,于1937年上半年决定趁对德战争、对日战争均尚未爆发这一完善帝国东部防务体系的窗口期在南海寻求新基地,并逐渐聚焦南沙。日本全面侵华战争爆发后,英国担心日本趁势夺取南沙进而南侵,在“先下手为强”的心理作用下罔顾初步勘察所得负面评估,仓促形成并推行“南沙基地建设”构想。英国碍于看中的岛屿已遭法国“吞并”,力图在不承认法国的“主权要求”的前提下促其“让与”或“租赁”某个岛屿,但劳而无获。英国转而谋求自行占领适用的岛屿,却在再次勘察南沙后认清推行该构想很可能得不偿失,最终鉴于欧洲危局而在1938年7月彻底放弃。英、法、日对中国南沙主权的无视与践踏尽显殖民强国本性。The formation and disillusionment of the conception of the Spratly Islands Base Construction is closely related to the evolution of the great power game faced by Britain and the adjustment of its imperial defense strategy.It is very important to see the change in British perception of the value of the Spratlys to the defence system in the eastern part of the Empire.Due to the deteriorating security situation,Britain had been raising the idea of building a military base in the South China Sea Islands in 1935.For the first half of1937,in order to improve the defense system in the eastern part of the Empire,Britain had decided to seek a new base in the South China Sea when the war against Germany as well as the war against Japan had not yet been wholly triggered.This was seen as a window of opportunity for focusing on the Spratly Islands.After the outbreak of the Japan’s war of aggression against China,Britain feared that Japan would seize the Spratly Islands and continued its invasion.Following this,Britain hastily formed and implemented the concept of the Spratly Islands Base construction,while ignoring the negative assessment obtained from the preliminary survey.While the islands Britain favored had been annexed by France,it failed to persuade France to offer authority for giving and lending an island to others.Anyway,Britain did not recognise French claim to the sovereignty over the island.Instead,Britain sought to occupy other islands.But,after resurveying the Spratly Islands,it became clear that the conception was probably not feasible,and it was finally abandoned in July 1938 during the European crisis.The British,French and Japanese attitudes towards China’s sovereignty over the Spratlys fully demonstrate the nature of colonial powers.

关 键 词：南沙群岛 西沙群岛 英法关系 英日关系 英帝国防务战略 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]