法兰克福学派批判理论视域中威权民粹主义及其最新发展  

Authoritarian Populism and Its Latest Development from the Perspective of Frankfurt School’s Critical Theory

作　　者：吴茜 WU Qian

机构地区：[1]厦门大学马克思主义学院,361005

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2022年第12期50-59,共10页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“现代金融垄断资本主义的危机及其制度转型”(2072021083);厦门大学马克思主义学院教改教法研究项目“全球抗疫视域下高校思想政治理论课话语体系创新研究”(2020MJY05)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：德国法兰克福学派在理论化和解释德国纳粹法西斯运动的起源、极权主义国家与资本主义经济的共生现象问题(“政党独裁与大工业界联盟”理论)、威权民粹主义动员的政治心理方面,开辟了工业资本主义威权倾向的社会根源和心理微观动力学研究的新范式,它对于深入剖析21世纪数字时代全球范围内威权民粹主义复兴的根源和危害具有重要的理论启示。2008年国际金融危机以来,统治阶级为了克服新自由主义资本主义尖锐的社会矛盾和镇压被统治阶级的反抗,“政治强人”纷纷涌现,积极推动政府向有组织的暴力机构转变。特朗普在总统竞选过程中显示出的过度自恋、恶意攻击、复仇性破坏和嗜尸癖等性格特征完全符合威权主义人格的特征。在政治动员机制上,特朗普将重塑国家利益的政治蓝图与民粹主义的政治逻辑相融合,找到了弥合上层金融垄断资本家和下层白人蓝领阶层之间分歧的途径,将美国民粹主义运动推向全面右翼化,这对西方民主制度与世界和平、可持续发展构成日益严峻的挑战。In terms of theorizing and explaining the origin of the Nazi Fascist movement in Germany,the symbiosis between the totalitarian state and the capitalist economy(the theory of"party dictatorship and big industrial alliance"),and the political psychology of the mobilization of authoritarian populism,the Frankfurt School of Germany has opened up a new paradigm for the study of the social roots and psychological micro dynamics of the authoritarian tendency of industrial capitalism.It has important theoretical enlightenment for analysis of the root causes and harms of the resurgence of authoritarian populism in the global context of the 21st century digital era.Since the international financial crisis in 2008,in order to overcome the sharp social contradictions of neoliberal capitalism and suppress the resistance of the ruled class,"political strongmen"have emerged,actively promoting the transformation of the government into an organized and violent institution.Trump’s personality characteristics,such as excessive narcissism,malicious attack,revenge destruction and necrophilia,which he showed during the presidential election campaign,fully conform to the characteristics of authoritarian personality.In terms of political mobilization mechanism,Trump integrated the political blueprint of reshaping national interests with the political logic of populism,found a way to bridge the differences between the upper financial monopoly capitalists and the lower white blue collar class,and pushed the American populist movement to the full right wing,which posed an increasingly severe challenge to the western democratic system and world peace and sustainable development.

关 键 词：法兰克福学派 资本主义危机 威权民粹主义 威权人格 政治动员 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]