考虑供应中断的关键进口零部件本土替代及采购策略调整  

Procurement strategy adjustment and local substitution of imported key component considering supply disruption

作　　者：牛保庄 许浩涛 李启洋 沈子凡 NIU Baozhuang;XU Haotao;LI Qiyang;SHEN Zifan(School of Business Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学工商管理学院,广州510641

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2022年第11期2881-2890,共10页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72125006);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515011980)。

摘　　要：全球供应链体系下,愈加复杂的经济和政治形势增加了芯片等关键零部件出现供应中断的可能性.如何通过本土替代和供应链结构调整应对不确定性,增强供应链稳健性,已成为重要研究问题.本文抓住供应链结构调整的关键因素,构建了由跨境供应商、本土供应商、两个相互竞争的品牌商组成的博弈模型,研究存在跨境供应中断可能性时,中国品牌商是否有动机与本土供应商合作,采取双源采购策略保障供应稳定.结果表明,订单分配比例和跨境供应中断概率会显著影响中国品牌商的采购策略偏好.当订单分配比例较均匀时,订单分散性诱使上游供应商制定更高的批发价格,从而增加了中国品牌商的采购成本,此时单源采购策略较优.进一步研究发现,其他供应链成员是否偏好中国品牌商的双源采购主要与跨境中断概率有关.Under global supply chain system,the global economic and political situation becomes more complex,which significantly increases the supply disruption possibility of key components such as chips.How to use local components to substitute imported components and adjust the supply chain structure to deal with the uncertainty,and how to enhance the robustness of supply chain have become an important research question.This paper captures the crucial factors of the supply chain structure adjustment and develops a game theory model compromising a cross-border supplier,a local supply,and two competing brands.Considering the possibility of supply disruption for the cross-border supplier,whether the Chinese brand has incentives to cooperate with the local supplier,and adopts a dual-sourcing strategy to ensure stable supply.The results show that,the order allocation proportion and the disruption probability of the cross-border supply can significantly affect the sourcing strategy preference of the Chinese brand.If the order allocation proportion is relatively even,the dispersion of orders induces the two upstream suppliers to decide higher wholesale prices,which increases the sourcing cost of the Chinese brand and results in the single-sourcing strategy is better.Further research finds that,other supply chain players'preferences of the Chinese brand's dual-sourcing strategy mainly depend on the cross-border disruption probability.

关 键 词：供应中断 供应链稳健性 渠道结构调整 采购策略 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]