老年住院精神障碍患者营养状况的相关因素及多重对应分析  

Related factors and multiple correspondence analysis of nutritional status in hospitalized elders with mental disorders

作　　者：高静[1] 李菲菲[1,2] 蔡壮[3] 许冬梅[4] 费琤[5] 张仁霞[6] 张健一 Gao Jing;Li Feifei;Cai Zhuang;Xu Dongmei;Fei Cheng;Zhang Renxia;Zhang Jianyi(3rd Ward of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,Beijing 100096,China;2nd Ward of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,Beijing 100096,China;10th Ward of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,Beijing 100096,China;Nursing Department,Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,Beijing 100096,China;19st Ward of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,Beijing 100096,China;20th Ward of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,Beijing 100096,China;21st Ward of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,Beijing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]北京回龙观医院3区,北京100096 [2]北京回龙观医院2区,北京100096 [3]北京回龙观医院10区,北京100096 [4]北京回龙观医院护理部,北京100096 [5]北京回龙观医院19区,北京100096 [6]北京回龙观医院20区,北京100096 [7]北京回龙观医院21区,北京100096

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2022年第34期4767-4772,共6页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：北京市医院管理中心"青苗"计划专项经费资助(QML20202002)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨老年住院精神障碍患者营养状况的相关因素。方法:采用便利抽样法选取2020年6月-2021年6月北京回龙观医院收治的584例老年精神障碍患者作为研究对象。采用一般资料问卷、Barthel指数量表、衰弱筛查量表、微型营养评估量表、简易体能状况量表和家庭功能评估表对患者进行调查。采用单因素分析、Pearson相关分析对患者营养状况的相关因素进行分析。将单因素分析有统计学意义的变量进行多重对应分析。结果:老年住院精神障碍患者营养不良发生率为51.88%(303/584),根据营养状况,将患者分为营养状况良好、有营养不良的风险、营养不良3组进行统计分析。单因素分析结果显示,3组患者年龄、诊断、衰弱、吸烟、饮酒、体重指数(BMI)、Barthel指数、简易体能状况量表评分和家庭功能评分比较差异有统计学意义( P<0.01)。相关性分析结果显示,BMI( r=0.144, P<0.01)、Barthel指数( r=0.087, P<0.05)、家庭功能( r=0.257, P<0.01)与营养状况呈正相关,年龄( r=-0.252, P<0.01)、衰弱( r=-0.216, P<0.01)与营养状况呈负相关。多重对应分析结果显示:失智、81岁以上、处于衰弱期、日常生活能力有障碍、家庭功能障碍与营养不良相关;精神分裂症患者、71~80岁、处于衰弱前期、日常生活能力无障碍与营养状况良好相关;双相情感障碍、60~70岁与有营养不良风险相关。 结论:应加强对住院老年精神障碍患者的健康监督及营养筛查,对不同精神障碍患者采取不同的营养干预策略,从而降低患者出现的健康问题。Objective To explore the related factors of nutritional status in hospitalized elders with mental disorders.Methods A total of 584 elders with mental disorders admitted to Beijing Huilongguan Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected by convenience sampling method.General questionnaire,Barthel Index Scale,Frailty Phenotype,Mini Nutritional Assessment,Simple Physical Fitness Scale(SPFS),Family Function Assessment Scale were collected.Univariate analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the related factors of patients'nutritional status.Multivariate correspondence analysis was performed for significant variables in univariate analysis.Results The incidence of malnutrition in hospitalized elders with mental disorders was 51.88%(303/584),and patients were divided into three groups according to nutritional status,including good nutritional status group,risk of malnutrition group,and malnutrition group for statistical analysis.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age,diagnosis,frailty,smoking,drinking,BMI,Barthel score,SPPB,family function among three groups(P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed that BMI(r=0.144,P<0.01),Barthel index(r=0.087,P<0.05),family social function(r=0.257,P<0.01)and nutritional status were positively correlated with nutritional status,while age(r=-0.252,P<0.01),frailty(r=-0.216,P<0.01)were negatively correlated with nutritional status.Multiple correspondence analysis showed that dementia,over 81 years old,frailty,impaired activities of daily living,and family dysfunction were the related factors of malnutrition;schizophrenia,71-80 years old,pre-debility,good ability of daily living were the associated factors of good nutritional status;bipolar disorder,60-70 years old were the associated factors of malnutrition.Conclusions The health supervision and nutrition screening of hospitalized elders with mental disorders should be strengthened,and targeted nutritional intervention strategies should be adopted for patients with different menta

关 键 词：老年人 精神障碍患者 营养状况 相关因素 多重对应分析 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]