大熊猫食用竹营养价值分析与评价  

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional value of bamboo for feeding of giant pandas

作　　者：滑荣 张欢 魏珊 杨宵宵 徐海泓 刘学锋[1] 张成林[1] 丛一蓬 HUA Rong;ZHANG Huan;WEI Shan;YANG Xiao-xiao;XU Hai-hong;LIU Xue-feng;ZHANG Cheng-lin;CONG Yi-peng

机构地区：[1]北京动物园管理处圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《饲料研究》2022年第20期99-103,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：国家林业和草原局大熊猫圈养繁育与管理项目;北京市公园管理中心项目(项目编号:kjxx2021006)。

摘　　要：试验旨在测定我国人工圈养大熊猫饲用毛竹笋、雷竹笋、笔竿竹、水竹、苦竹、早园竹、合江方竹、斑苦竹、巴山木竹、八月竹和小方竹的叶、枝、茎样品的营养成分含量,确定营养较为均衡的竹类饲料。结果显示:水竹叶干物质含量最高,为87.34%;雷竹笋粗蛋白含量较高,为24.64%;早园竹粗脂肪含量较高,为3.68%;苦竹叶粗灰分含量最高,为27.26%;巴山木竹茎粗纤维含量最高,为53.41%。毛竹笋、雷竹笋含水量较高,分别为86.04%和89.57%;苦竹枝总能含量较高,为20.02 MJ/kg。小方竹叶钙含量为1.18%,具有补充钙的利用价值;而笋类的磷和总糖含量高于竹类,分别约为0.3%、15.0%。研究表明,大熊猫食用竹营养价值存在差异,笋类的营养价值相对较高,竹类的营养价值表现为由叶、枝、茎依次降低,在选择大熊猫竹子饲料时应兼顾其营养价值和适口性。The experiment was to determine the nutrients content of bamboo shoots of leaves, branches and stems of Phyllostachys eduis, Phyllostachys praecox, Pseudosasa guanxianensis, Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver, Pleioblastus amarus(Keng) keng, Phyllostachys propinqua McClure, Chimonobambusa hejiangensis, Plieioblaslus maculatus, Bashania fargesii, Chimonobambusa szechuanensis, Chimonobambusa convolute, evaluate the bamboo feed with relatively balanced nutrition. The results showed that the dry matter content of Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver leaves was the highest, which was 87.34%. The crude protein content of Phyllostachys praecox shoots was high, which was 24.64%. The crude fat content of Phyllostachys propinqua McClure was higher, which was 3.68%. The crude ash content of Pleioblastus amarus(Keng) keng leaves was the highest, which was 27.26%. The crude fiber content of Bashania fargesii stem was the highest,which was 53.41%. The water content of bamboo shoots of Phyllostachys eduis and Phyllostachys praecox were higher,which were 86.04% and 89.57% respectively. The total energy content of Pleioblastus amarus(Keng) keng branch was high, reaching 20.02 MJ/kg. The calcium content of Chimonobambusa convolute leaves was 1.18%, which has the value of supplementing calcium. But the content of phosphorus and total sugar of bamboo shoots was higher than that of bamboo,which could reach about 0.3% and 15.0% respectively. The experiment indicates that there are differences in the nutritional value of bamboo. The nutritional value of bamboo shoots is relatively high, while the nutritional value of bamboo is decreased by leaves, branches and stems. The nutritional value and palatability should be taken into account when selecting bamboo feed for giant pandas.

关 键 词：大熊猫 饲料 竹子 竹笋 营养价值 

分 类 号：S864.4[农业科学—野生动物驯养]