基于离散选择实验的医学生就业偏好分析  

Analysis of Medical Students'Employment Preference Based on Discrete Choice Experiment

作　　者：孙振宇 孙伟 高毓宽 朱靖 陶菁 陈妍敏 胡丹[1,4] 钱东福 SUN Zhenyu;SUN Wei;GAO Yukuan;ZHU Jing;TAO Jing;CHEN Yanmin;HU Dan;QIAN Dongfu(School of Health Policy and Management,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,211166,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学医政学院,江苏南京211166 [2]正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司,江苏连云港222000 [3]南京医科大学附属江宁医院,江苏南京211100 [4]南京医科大学健康江苏研究院,江苏南京211166

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2022年第6期645-649,共5页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD081)。

摘　　要：目的通过分析医学生就业偏好,为政策制定者和医疗卫生机构出台吸引医学生毕业后继续从事医疗卫生工作的措施提供决策支持。方法采用分层抽样的方法,于2020年4月在江苏省南京市和连云港市各一所医科类高校开展离散选择实验(discrete choice experiment,DCE)线上问卷调查。问卷包括调查对象基本信息、DCE选择集(共包括工作地点、晋升年限、工作机构、月收入、住房条件、职业发展机会或培训机会、工作负担7个属性,每个属性又包括若干水平)。构建离散选择模型,采用Mixed Logit回归模型分析医学生的就业选择偏好。结果共回收问卷329份,有效问卷307份,有效回收率93.3%。结果显示,医学生偏好收入高(P<0.001)、住房条件好(P<0.001)、职业发展机会多(P<0.001)、工作地点为城市(P<0.001)、工作负担轻(P<0.001)的工作。月收入是医学生最偏好的因素,医学生对各非经济因素的相对偏好程度由大至小依次为住房条件、职业发展机会或培训机会、工作地点和工作负担。结论政策制定者与医疗卫生机构应优先关注收入与住房条件,科学合理地制定医学毕业生人才吸引措施。Objective To explore the employment preference of medical students,providing a decision-making support for the policy makers and medical institutions to introduce measures to attract medical students to engage in health work after graduation.Methods Stratified sampling was used to select participants for an online questionnaire survey using a Discrete Choice Experiment design from two medical universities of Nanjing and Lianyungang,Jiangsu province in April 2020.The questionnaire includes:basic demographic information,and the choice set of discrete choice experiments(including workplace,years of promotion,working organization,monthly salary,housing condition,career development or training opportunity,workload,with each attribute including several levels).Constructing a discrete choice model,mixed Logit regression model was used to analyze medical students'preference of employment.Results A total of 329 questionnaires were recovered,307 valid questionnaires,and the effective recovery rate was 93.3%.Discrete choice analysis demonstrated that medical students prefer jobs with higher salaries(P<0.001),better housing conditions(P<0.001),more career development or training opportunities(P<0.001),urban workplace(P<0.001)and lighter workload(P<0.001).Salary is the most preferred factor for medical students,and the relative preference degree of medical students for each non-economic factor is from large to small in order of housing conditions,career development or training opportunities,workplace and workload.Conclusion Policy makers and medical institutions should give priority to salary and housing conditions,and scientifically and reasonably formulate notices to attract medical graduates.

关 键 词：医学生 就业偏好 支付意愿 离散选择实验 

分 类 号：G646[文化科学—高等教育学] F241.4[文化科学—教育学]