孤独症谱系障碍者的生物运动探测障碍:基于行为与神经的证据  

Biological Motion Detection in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder:Behavioral and Neural Evidences

作　　者：荆伟[1] 胡海洋 田琳 张婕[2] Jing Wei;Hu Haiyang;Tian Lin;Zhang Jie(College of Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,710062;Xi'an Children's Hospital,Xi'an,710002)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学部,西安700062 [2]西安市儿童医院,西安710002

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第6期1297-1305,共9页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：2020年度陕西省社科基金项目(项目编号:2020P025);2020年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目一般项目(项目编号:20SZYB06)的资助。

摘　　要：关于孤独症谱系障碍个体探测生物运动的能力是否受损,已有行为研究尚存分歧。导致分歧的原因可能是实验刺激、实验任务和测量指标存在差异。然而,神经研究却一致证实其潜在的神经机制存在异常。领域特殊性观点认为该障碍可能是基于后侧颞上沟功能异常的社会性功能障碍,也可能是基于镜像神经元功能异常的社会性功能障碍;而领域一般性观点认为该障碍可能是基于背侧视觉流功能异常的视运动知觉障碍,也可能基于脑功能联结异常的弱中央统合障碍。据此,本文将从研究范式、行为表现及潜在机制三个方面梳理相关研究,以期为后续研究提供新方向。As one of the social stimuli,biological motion contains rich social cues and social information,which enables individuals to understand body language and emotions expressed by others.There is a close relationship between the processing of biological motion and the abilities of imitation and joint attention,which are the important bases for later social and language development,so the processing of biological motion has a direct impact on individuals’social cognition and social interaction.Typical developing(TD)individuals show a bias of attention to biological motion from birth,and over development,the mechanism of complex information processing of biological motion tends to mature.There are three levels of the processing of biological motion:detection,perception,and interpretation.The first level refers to the identification of biological motion in noise or in comparison to another stimulus without an explicit recognition or categorization of the different types of biological motion.The second level perception refers to explicitly recognizing the different types of biological motion.The third level,interpretation of biological motion,implicates that an observer can retrieve high-level social information,such as others’intention,emotional states or actions,conveyed by biological motion stimuli.Previous studies have shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)were impaired in the high-level processing of biological motion information(perception and interpretation)compared with TD individuals,while there is a debate about whether the low-level processing of biological motion information(detection)is impaired in individuals with ASD.Some behavioral studies demonstrated that individuals with ASD have impaired abilities to detect biological motion,while other neural studies found that individuals with ASD exhibit normal behaviors but abnormal neural responses.This discrepancy might be explained by different stimuli,different tasks and different indices across studies.There are four explanations for th

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 生物运动探测 后侧颞上沟 背侧视觉流 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]