负性情绪对不同语义、空间关系联结记忆的影响  

The Effects of Negative Emotion on Associative Memory under Different Semantic and Spatial Conditions

作　　者：安姝 牟程程 毛伟宾[1] An Shu;Mou Chengcheng;Mao Weibin(School of Psychology,Shandong Normal University,Jinan,250358)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250358

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第6期1322-1328,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31571113);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MC081)的资助。

摘　　要：以负性项目-中性场景以及中性项目-中性场景组成的图片对为材料,通过操控项目-场景之间的语义联系和空间距离,考察了负性情绪对不同语义、空间关系联结记忆的影响。结果显示,当项目-场景空间距离较近时,无论项目-场景之间的语义是否相关,负性情绪始终不会影响项目-场景联结记忆;当项目-场景空间距离较远且语义不相关时,负性情绪会削弱项目-场景联结记忆;而当项目-场景空间距离较远且语义相关时,负性情绪会促进项目-场景联结记忆。结果表明,负性情绪对项目-场景联结记忆的影响会受到项目与场景之间语义关系和空间关系的调节,且语义关系在项目-场景空间距离较远时的作用更为突出。It is generally believed that negative emotion can improve item memory,while impairing the association between items or between itemcontext picture pairs.However,recent research indicates that associative memory between two separate items can also be promoted,especially when the pair of items are unitized into a single unit.Both conceptual and perceptual manipulations can be used to unitize items,but few studies have compared these two methods of unitization within the same experiment directly.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate how different semantic and spatial relationships could influence the associative memory between negative items and neutral contexts.The present study adopted picture-pairs consisting of negative item-neutral context and neutral item-neutral context as experimental materials.The semantic relationship was manipulated by controlling the semantic relevance of item-context pairs,and the spatial relationship was manipulated by controlling the spatial distance of item-context pairs.This study used the study-recognition paradigm.During the study phase,participants were presented with 48 negative item-neutral context pairs and 48 neutral item-neutral context pairs,in which half of the item-context pairs were related or contiguous.After the presentation of all picture-pairs,a mathematical task was presented for 5 minutes.During the test phase,an item image was first presented and participants were asked to identify whether the item was old or new.If participants recognized old items correctly,he or she would then be shown three context scenes and were required to make a decision on which scene had been originally presented with the recognized item.The current study was a three-factor design,in which item emotional type,semantic relationship,and spatial distance were all within-participant variables.The dependent variables were the accuracy of studied items and their intact backgrounds.The results showed that negative items were always remembered better than neutral items.However,the effect of

关 键 词：负性情绪 语义关系 空间关系 联结记忆 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]