任务结构相似性对工作记忆训练迁移效应的影响  

The Influence of Task Structural Similarity on Transfer Effect of Working Memory Training

作　　者：赵鑫 杨婷[2] 王天翼 孙洁 Zhao Xin;Yang Ting;Wang Tianyi;Sun Jie(Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu province,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,730070;School of Psychology,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,73007)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省行为与心理健康重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]西北师范大学心理学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第6期1337-1343,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560283);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21XJA190005);甘肃省“双一流”科研重点项目(GSSYLXM-01);西北师范大学重大科研项目培育计划(NWNU-SKZD2021-06)的资助。

摘　　要：个体的工作记忆能力通过训练可以提高,但是,目前对于工作记忆训练的迁移效应尚未有统一的结论。本文通过梳理相关研究,发现训练任务与评估迁移效应任务之间的结构相似性会对迁移效应产生影响。结构相似性即训练任务和未训练任务之间共享加工成分和加工程序,而这个共享加工成分和加工程序能通过发展相似的策略实现工作记忆训练的迁移。今后研究应该更加注意以往研究设计中的不足,针对不同群体的工作记忆训练效果的机制分别进行研究。The transfer effect of working memory training is to improve the performance of other tasks through working memory task training.Transfer is divided into near transfer and far transfer,where near transfer refers to trainings to improve the performance of tasks within the scope of working memory,and far transfer refers to trainings to improve the performance of tasks related to working memory.So what is the mechanism of transfer effect?The current research on the transfer effect of working memory training presents contradictory results which have led to two mainstream views of transfer:the improvement of working memory ability or the improvement of working memory efficiency.The view of working memory ability improvement is that working memory training is similar to muscle training,in which it is thought that by continuously practicing a certain cognitive process,the overall resources associated with that process may be improved.The idea that working memory training has caused an increase in efficiency is that the transfer between tasks can be achieved by using strategies or increasing the degree of automation of working memory processing.The underlying assumption behind both views is that if an individual can improve the performance of all tasks that also require working memory through working memory training,then working memory training can be considered to improve the general working memory ability.Otherwise,if working memory training can only improve the performance of tasks that are similar to the training task in processing or structure,it can only show that the training prompts the individual to develop corresponding strategies,thereby improving the efficiency of working memory.Combined with most of the current research on working memory training,it can be found that transfer is limited to a certain extent,and the training of a single task does not improve all other tasks that require working memory,or even training of multiple working memory tasks also fails to successfully transfer to other tasks.Therefore

关 键 词：工作记忆 认知训练 任务结构相似性 迁移 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]