舌尖效应产生和解决的词汇提取年老化机制:两阶段范式研究  

Mechanisms of Aging in Tip-of-the-Tongue Occurrence and Resolution in Lexical Access:A Two-Step Approach Study

作　　者：欧阳明昆[1,2] 张清芳 Ouyang Mingkun;Zhang Qingfang(School of Education Science,Guangxi Minzu University for Nationalities,Nanning,530006;Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872)

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学教育科学学院,南宁530006 [2]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第6期1390-1397,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家语委科研项目(健康中国建设中的语言问题,ZDI145-6);教育部人文社科规划基金项目(21YJA190011);广西哲学社会科学规划项目(21FYY008);广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2021KY0143)的资助。

摘　　要：舌尖效应年老化机制受语言特异性因素的影响。本研究把Stroop效应作为协变量,在统计分析控制个体抑制能力的基础上,采用两阶段范式考察舌尖效应产生和解决过程中词汇提取的年老化机制。结果发现:(1)老年人的舌尖效应产生率和语音提取缺陷均显著高于青年人,而语义提取缺陷的年龄差异不显著;(2)老年人的舌尖效应解决率和语音促进效应量均显著低于青年人;(3)语义启动影响老年人舌尖效应解决时的语言促进效应,而对青年人没有影响。上述结果表明,舌尖效应产生和解决的词汇提取年老化与语音提取衰退有关,与语义提取衰退无关,支持语言特异性衰退的观点。The“tip of the tongue”(TOT)refers to a state in which one cannot recall a familiar word but can recall words of similar form and meaning in speech production,which is common in our daily life,especially for the old speakers.It remains unclear about the cognitive mechanism underlying the TOTs in older adults speaking.In the present study,we aimed to investigate the effect of aging on TOTs’occurrence and resolution in young and older adults using a two-step approach,within a language-specific perspective,while controlling the influence of individual differences in general inhibitory ability.The experiment adopted a 2 age groups(young vs.older adults)×2 career congruity(congruent vs.incongruent)×3 orthographic and phonological relatedness(orthographically and phonologically related,phonologically related,and unrelated)mixed factors design.Forty young and forty-two older adults participated in the experiment,and they were required to respond as rapidly as possible upon seeing a picture.If participants were in a TOT state,a prime name would be presented,and participants rated how easily the prime could be pronounced using a 3-point scale.After rating the prime name,participants were presented with the target picture again,and re-attempted to retrieve the target name.Again,participants were asked to judge whether they could speak out the target name or were still in a TOT state.Four types of response were calculated as dependent variables,including GOT(Got the word),TOT,FOK(Feeling of knowing),and DK(Don’t know).The proportions of semantic and phonological retrieval deficits were calculated based on the two-step approach proposed by Gollan and Brown(2006).The proportion of TOT resolution was also measured,i.e.,the number of GOT response after TOT occurrence divided by total number of TOTs occurrence.Meanwhile,a Stroop color-word task was performed after completing the TOT resolution task to assess individual differences in general inhibitory capacity,in which participants had to judge the ink color of the sti

关 键 词：TOT 语音提取缺陷 抑制缺陷假说 传输缺陷假说 两阶段范式 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]