论刑事诉讼中网络信息业者的数据提供义务  

On the Obligation of the Internet Service Providers to Provide Data in Criminal Proceedings

作　　者：裴炜[1] PEI Wei

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2022年第6期60-75,共16页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2021年度北京市社会科学基金青年学术带头人项目“刑事诉讼数字合规困境成因及其化解”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:21DTR016。

摘　　要：刑事诉讼制度针对案外人设置了一系列协助义务,并在此基础上建立了相应的程序规则和权利保障机制。数字时代的犯罪治理呈现出公私合作不断深化和拓展的趋势,集中体现为网络信息业者等私主体提供数据以协助刑事司法活动的义务的强化和扩张。这种义务的扩张一定程度上突破了传统刑事诉讼的案外人协助义务框架,并形成了传统规则适用的两项主要困境:一是义务强度与义务能力的失衡,二是权力规制与权利保障的失衡。应对上述困境一方面需要回归刑事诉讼案外人协助义务的本质,维持义务设定的补充性、附带性和差异性,另一方面则需要遵循正当程序的实质性要求,理顺公权力运行的外在方式与内在实质之间的关系,同时维持权利底线,避免权利保障机制的虚化,从而在此基础上形成数字时代犯罪治理公私合作模式下网络信息业者提供数据义务的合理边界。The criminal procedure system sets up a series of obligations of procedural outsiders to assist criminal justice authorities, and on this basis, corresponding procedural rules and rights protection mechanisms have been established. Crime control in the digital age shows a trend of encouraging publicprivate cooperation, which is reflected in the strengthening and expansion of the obligation of private entities such as internet companies to provide data to criminal justice authorities. The expansion of this obligation breaks through the framework of the traditional criminal proceedings, and forms two main dilemmas in the application of traditional rules: one is the imbalance between the intensity of obligations and the ability of compliances, and the other is the imbalance between power regulation and rights protection. To deal with the dilemmas above, on the one hand it is necessary to return to the essence of the outsiders’ obligation to assist in criminal proceedings and maintain the complementarity, incidentality and hierarchy of the obligation setting;while on the other hand it is necessary to follow the substantive requirements of due process, straighten out the relationship between the external mode and the internal essence of the operation of public power, and maintain the bottom line of rights protection, so as to form a reasonable boundary for the obligation of data-providing by internet service providers under the public-private cooperation mode of crime control in the digital age.

关 键 词：犯罪治理 公私合作 数据提供义务 案外人协助义务 实质正当程序 

分 类 号：DF73[政治法律—诉讼法学]