覆膜栽培方式对不同熟性马铃薯生长及杂草的影响  

Effects of different mulching cultivation methods on the growth and weeds of potato with different maturity

作　　者：杨丹 李璐 万国安 王素华 李树举 YANG Dan;LI Lu;WAN Guoan;WANG Suhua;LI Shuju(Changde Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Changde,Hunan 415008,China;Changde ComprehensiveExperimental Station of National Potato Research System,Changde,Hunan 415008,China;Crop Research Institute ofHunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]常德市农林科学研究院,湖南常德415008 [2]国家马铃薯产业技术体系常德综合试验站,湖南常德415008 [3]湖南省农业科学院作物研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期643-649,共7页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09-ES17)。

摘　　要：以2个不同熟性的品种(早熟品种中薯5号、中早熟品种兴佳2号)为材料,选择5种不同地膜,设置黑膜(T1)、银黑膜(T2)、黑单白膜(T3)、黑单白膜+除草(T4)、黑双白膜(T5)、黑双白膜+除草(T6)、白膜(CK1)、白膜+除草(CK2) 8个处理,研究栽培方式对马铃薯块茎生长及杂草的影响。结果表明:覆膜栽培方式对2个不同熟性品种的物候期的影响有差异,对早熟品种影响小,黑膜覆盖处理延长了中早熟品种的生育期;不同覆盖栽培方式对中薯5号的出苗率、株高、单株块茎个数、单株块茎质量影响显著,黑膜覆盖增加了中薯5号单株块茎数,与CK2、T6、T4差异显著;随着地膜黑色部分面积的增加,块茎青薯率呈降低趋势,白膜、黑双白膜、黑单白膜、黑膜覆盖处理的青薯率依次降低,中薯5号的青薯率高于兴佳2号;黑膜较白膜配施除草剂处理抑草效果好,黑单白膜和黑双白膜的除草效果不如黑膜和银黑膜;白膜、黑单白膜、黑双白膜处理进行芽前封闭除草可以显著增产,以黑单白膜增产效果最好,产量最高;中薯5号和兴佳2号T4的产量最高,分别为3150、2683 kg/(667 m^(2)),较CK2分别增产8.9%、4.5%;中薯5号T6的产量为2910kg/(667m^(2)),显著高于CK1、T5、T3的;兴佳2号T1的产量2583 kg/(667 m^(2)),显著高于T3的。不使用除草剂时,黑膜、银黑膜增产效果较好。In this study, we used five different mulching films and eight treatments, black film(T1), silver film(T2), black single white film(T3), black single white film+weeding(T4), black double white film(T5), black double white film+weeding(T6), white film(CK1), white film+weeding(CK2) on two varieties potatoes(early maturing variety Zhongshu 5and medium and early maturing variety Xingjia 2) to learn about the effect of cultivation methods on the potatoes and their weed growth. The results showed that the effects of mulching cultivation on the phenological period of two different maturity varieties were different. Black film mulching prolonged the growth period of medium and early maturing varieties, but had little effect on early maturing varieties. Different mulching cultivation methods had significant effects on the emergence rate, plant height, number of tubers per plant and tuber weight per plant of early maturing variety Zhongshu 5. Black film mulching increased the number of tubers per plant of early maturing variety Zhongshu 5, which was significantly different from CK2, T6 and T4. With the increase of the area of black part of plastic film, the rate of tuber green potato decreased and those of white film, black double white film, black single white film, black film decreased in turn, and the rate of Zhongshu 5 was higher than that of Xingjia 2. The grass control effect of black film was better than that of white film combined with herbicide. The weeding effect of black single white film and black double white film was not as good as that of black film and silver black film. The treatments of white film, black single white film and black double white film could significantly increase the yield, and the yield increase effect of black single white film achieved optimally and its yield was the highest. The yields of Zhongshu 5 and Xingjia 2 T4 were 3150 kg/(667 m^(2))and 2683 kg/(667 m^(2)) respectively, which increased by 8.9% and 4.5% respectively compared with the CK2 The yield of T6 was 2910 kg/(667 m^(2)), wh

关 键 词：马铃薯 品种熟性 地膜 物候期 青薯率 杂草 除草率 

分 类 号：S532.044[农业科学—作物学]