蕺山学派与明清之际伦理思潮的演变  

Jishan School and the Evolution of Ethical Thoughts during Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：陈睿瑜 CHEN Rui-yu(Institute of Marxism,Changsha Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410100;Institute of Moral Culture,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081)

机构地区：[1]长沙师范学院马克思主义学院,湖南长沙410100 [2]湖南师范大学道德文化研究院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《怀化学院学报》2022年第6期21-27,共7页Journal of Huaihua University

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金青年项目“蕺山学派与明清之际伦理思潮演变研究”(17YBQ006)。

摘　　要：刘宗周(蕺山)毕生为学,为挽救晚明学风凋敝、政风腐败而殚精竭虑,于明亡之际绝食殉节。蕺山伦理思想以“慎独”为核心,深刻影响了以黄宗羲、陈确、张履祥等为代表的学派门人的思想形成和道德践履。蕺山学派是明末儒学之重要代表,也在清初启蒙伦理思潮演变中发挥着积极作用,他们系统梳理、总结了明末之前儒家人性论、道德理想和道德修养等伦理思想,将古人的学识精华从玄妙转化为笃实,促进了宋明人性二元论向明清自然人性一元论转变,推动了明清之际儒家道德人格由传统“圣人君子”向“豪杰之士”转变,促使了儒家传统民本思想转向民主启蒙伦理思潮的发展。Liu Zongzhou,also known as Mr.Jishan,spent his whole life trying to heal the stagnant learning and corrupt political atmosphere in the late Ming Dynasty,and to rectify the name of traditional Confucianism.When the Ming Dynasty fell,Mr.Jishan sacrificed his life on a hunger strike.Jishan's ethical thought is centered on“Shendu(caution in solitude)”.It influenced the ideological formation and moral practice of the Jishan School's disciples represented by Huang Zongxi,Chen Qu,and Zhang Lüxiang.The Jishan School was an important representative of Confucianism in the late Ming Dynasty,and also played an active role in the evolution of enlightenment thought on ethics in the early Qing Dynasty.The School systematically sorted out and summarized the Confucian thought on ethics before the late Ming Dynasty,such as the theory of human nature,moral ideal and moral cultivation,and transformed the essence of ancient learning from mysticism to realisticness,which promoted the transformation of the dualism of human nature in the Song and Ming Dynasties to the monism of natural human nature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,facilitated the transmutation of the moral ideal of“sages and gentlemen”into the moral personality of“heroes”,and boosted the development of the traditional people-oriented Confucian thought to democratic enlightenment ethics.

关 键 词：蕺山学派 伦理思想 启蒙思潮 

分 类 号：B82-06[哲学宗教—伦理学]