1.8t全自动油茶青果脱壳机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Camellia Oleifera Fruit Sheller

作　　者：王东 寇欣 曲振兴 范志远 向文博 薛晨阳 汤晶宇 WANG Dong;KOU Xin;QU Zhen-xing;FAN Zhi-yuan;XIANG Wen-bo;XUE Chen-yang;TANG Jing-yu(Harbin Institute of Forestry Machinery,National Forestry and Grassl and Administration,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086,China;Key Laboratory of Forestry Mechanical Engineering,National Forestry and Grassl and Administration,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086,China;Engineering Research Center of Forestry Equipment,National Forestry and Grassl and Administration,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局哈尔滨林业机械研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]国家林业和草原局林业机电工程重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]国家林业和草原局林业装备工程技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《林业机械与木工设备》2022年第12期18-27,共10页Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金“1.8 t全自动油茶鲜果籽壳清选设备开发”(CAFYBB2019 SZ011)。

摘　　要：针对油茶青果机械脱壳中存在的处理量低、脱净率低和茶籽破碎率高等问题,设计了一种四通道油茶青果脱壳机,其通过对油茶果进行四通道分级,使一定大小范围内的油茶果进入相应的脱壳滚筒内,通过油茶果与脱壳套筒、滚筒壁之间的相互撞击,以及油茶果之间的碰撞、挤压和搓擦,最终实现脱壳。为验证该机是否达到预期脱壳效果,以茶果脱净率、茶籽破损率为评价指标,以脱壳盘扭转角、喂入量、脱壳杆直径为试验因素,设计三因素三水平正交旋转组合试验,试验结果表明:脱壳盘扭转角为24.84°、喂入量为1 845.47 kg/h、脱壳杆直径为25.02 mm时,脱壳效果最优。调整脱壳盘扭转角为25°、喂入量为1 845 kg/h、脱壳杆直径为25 mm,对脱壳机进行3次参数组合试验,试验结果取3次试验平均值,经计算,脱净率为98.32%,茶籽破损率为2.33%。Aiming at the problems of low processing capacity, low de-purification rate and high breakage rate in the in the process of shelling fruits of Camellia oleifera,a four-channel Camellia oleifera fruit shelling machine was designed.The camellia oleifera fruit within the size range enters the corresponding shelling drum, and the Camellia oleifera fruit is shelled by colliding with the shelling sleeve and drum wall, the shelling of Camellia oleifera fruit is realized by collision, extrusion and rubbing.In order to verify whether themachine achieves the expected shelling effect, taking the shelling rate of Camellia oleifera fruit and the breakage rate of Camellia oleifera fruit as the evaluation indicators, and taking the torsion angle of the shelling disc, the feeding amount, and the diameter of the shelling rod as experimental factors, the orthogonal rotation combination was carried out.The test results show that when the torsion angle of the shelling disc is 24. 84°,the feed rate is 1 845. 47 kg/h,and the diameter of the shelling rod is 25. 02 mm,the shelling effect is the best. Three parameter combination tests were carried out on the torsion angle of the shelling disc is 25°,the feed rate is 1 845 kg/h and the diameter of the shelling rod is 25 mm. The test results were taken as the average values of the three tests. After calculation,the net removal rate was 98. 32% and the damage rate of tea seeds was 2. 33%.

关 键 词：油茶青果 脱壳机 设计 试验 

分 类 号：S776[农业科学—森林工程]