不同花生种质荚果力学特性研究  

Study on Pod Mechanical Properties of Different Peanut Germplasms

作　　者：迟晓元[1] 许静 潘丽娟[1] 姜骁 王明清[1] 王亮[2] 付春[3] 陈娜[1] CHI Xiao-yuan;XU jing;PAN Li-juan;JIANG Xiao;WANG Ming-qing;WANG Liang;FU Chun;CHEN Na(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China;Biotechnology Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,China;Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Weifang 261071,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]新疆农垦科学院生物技术研究所,新疆石河子832000 [3]潍坊市农业科学院,山东潍坊261071

出　　处：《花生学报》2022年第4期18-28,共11页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：泰山学者工程专项(tsnq201812121);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13);青岛市科技惠民示范引导专项(20-3-4-26-nsh,20-3-4-33-nsh);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010702);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020219003);临沂市重点研发计划(2019YD009);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2022A03,CXGC2022B06,CXGC2022E20);山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)(2020LZGC001);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02008-3);山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)(2022TZXD0031);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QC172)。

摘　　要：花生荚果果柄强度和果壳破壳力,是影响花生机械化收获水平的重要力学特性指标。本研究对98份花生种质的果柄强度、荚果层范围、荚果破壳力等11项指标进行测定与分析,结果表明:种质的果柄强度分布在极低、低、中三个等级范围内,所占比例分别为27.6%(27份)、61.2%(60份)、11.2%(11份)。种质的秧―柄脱落力均值(7.31 N)大于果―柄脱落力均值(6.55 N)。同一花生种质中不同成熟度的荚果对应的果柄强度值无显著性差异。花生荚果层范围及果柄长度在大小花生间的分布无显著性差异。荚果破壳力侧压>正压>立压。侧压破壳力与立压破壳力、正压破壳力与立压破壳力之间均存在显著差异。三个方向荚果破壳力在大小花生中无显著性差异。果柄强度与果―柄脱落力的相关性最大(r=0.98)。多元线性回归分析表明,果―柄脱落力、秧―柄脱落力、未成熟荚果果柄强度和成熟荚果果柄强度是影响果柄强度的主要因素。通过以上研究结果可以更好地了解花生种质的荚果力学特性,为后续培育适应机械化收获的花生新品种提供研究基础。The peg strength and pod rupture force are important mechanical properties that affect the level of mechanized peanut harvesting.In this experiment,11 traits(peg strength,pod-setting range,pod rupture force,etc.)of 98 peanut germplasms were measured and analyzed.The results showed that peg strength was distributed in the range of very low,low and medium accounting for 27.6%(27),61.2%(60)and 11.2%(11),respectively.The plant-petiole dropping force(7.31 N)was higher than that of the pod-petiole(6.55 N).There was no significant difference in peg strength of pod with different maturity for the same peanut germplasm.There was no significant difference in pod-setting range and peg length between big and small peanut germplasms.The pod rupture force was minimized when they were in vertical position and maximized when they were in lateral position.There were significant differences between lateral pressure and vertical pressure,as well as between transverse pressure and vertical pressure.The significant differences on pod rupture force were detected between lateral and vertical direction,as well as between transverse and vertical position.There was no significant difference in pod rupture force between big and small peanuts in three directions.Peg strength had the greatest correlation with pod-petiole dropping force(r=0.98).Multiple regression analysis showed that pod-petiole dropping,plant-petiole dropping,mature pods peg strength,immature pods peg strength were the main traits affecting peg strength.By this work,the mechanical properties of peanut pod can be better understood,and the research foundation can be provided for future breeding work on new peanut varieties suitable to mechanized harvesting.

关 键 词：花生 果柄强度 荚果破壳力 荚果层范围 机械化收获 

分 类 号：S565.203.3[农业科学—作物学] S233.4