蒙古族聚居区儿童青少年近视流行现况与膳食模式相关性分析  

Analysis on The correlation Between Myopia and Dietary Patterns of Children and Adolescents in Mongolian Inhabited Areas

作　　者：黄丽思 迟宝峰 HUANG Li-si;CHI Bao-feng(School of Public Health,Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010110,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院,呼和浩特010110

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2022年第12期31-35,共5页Food and Nutrition in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“精准医学研究”重点专项(项目编号:2017YFC0907402)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨蒙古族聚居区内儿童青少年膳食模式与近视发生的关系,为近视预防在饮食方面提供针对性建议。方法:采用整群抽样的方法抽取内蒙古锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗与正镶白旗10所中小学校的全体4684名学生作为调查对象,进行问卷调查和身体健康检查。通过膳食频率法获得调查对象近1年内摄入各种食物的频率以及摄入量。采用因子分析法提取膳食模式,并通过Logistic回归分析探讨近视发生风险与膳食模式的相关性。结果:锡林郭勒盟近视患病率为51.53%,中学高于小学,女生高于男生,汉族高于蒙古族和其他民族(P均<0.05)。该蒙古族聚居地中小学生存在4种膳食模式,分别为蔬菜豆制品膳食模式、主食禽肉膳食模式、饮料甜食膳食模式、蒙古族传统膳食模式。矫正混杂因素后Logistic回归分析结果显示,蒙古族传统膳食模式与近视患病风险呈负相关(OR=0.746,P<0.05)。结论:锡林郭勒盟中小学生总体近视患病率接近全国水平,提示要继续开展学校近视预防保健工作。蒙古族传统膳食模式与近视存在一定关系,可以考虑从饮食方面进行干预以降低青少年近视发生风险。Objective To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and myopia in children and adolescents in Mongolian inhabited areas,and to provide targeted suggestions on diet for myopia prevention.Method A total of 4684 students from 10 primary and secondary schools in Abaga banner and Zhengxiangbai banner in Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia were selected by cluster sampling to conduct a dietary questionnaire survey and physical examination.The frequency and intake of various foods in the past year were obtained by dietary frequency method.Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns,and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between myopia and the risk of dietary patterns.Result The prevalence of myopia in the two regions was 51.53%.The prevalence of myopia in Zhengxiang white banner was higher than that in Abaga banner,that in middle school was higher than that in primary school,that in girls was higher than that in boys,and that in Han was higher than that in Mongolia and other Nationalities(P<0.05).There are four dietary patterns for primary and middle school students in the Mongolian inhabited area,namely,vegetable and bean products,poultry and meat,beverages and sweets,and Mongolian traditional diet.After adjusting for confounding factors,Logistic regression analysis showed that Mongolian traditional dietary pattern was negatively correlated with the risk of myopia(OR=0.746,P<0.05).Conclusion The overall prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Xilingol League is close to the national level,which suggests that we should continue to carry out myopia prevention and health care in schools.There is a certain relationship between Mongolian traditional dietary pattern and myopia.Dietary intervention can be considered to reduce the risk of juvenile myopia.

关 键 词：儿童青少年 近视 蒙古族 膳食模式 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]