证据属性的中国法律之道  

The Legal Approach of Evidence Attributes in China

作　　者：周洪波[1] Zhou Hongbo

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2022年第6期282-302,共21页China Legal Science

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金一般项目“错案治理视野中的印证规则研究”(项目批准号:18BFX084)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：证据属性是证据法学的基本问题,在我国历来多有争议。我国较长时间里所肯认的学说是证据应当具有客观性、关联性(相关性)、合法性,但其在近年来遭到的批判甚烈,理论上表现出建立新学说的强烈欲望。新近的探索推进了理论的进展,然而,还有一些问题有待澄清。为此,需要阐明:明确证据的当前事实性,才能有效界分证据与待证事实,进而实现对证据相关性的问题聚焦;对证据相关性建构的事理原理及其运用的法律规导原理(法律许可的事理相关性)进行澄明,才能凸显证据相关性对于制度建构的根本意义,以及明晰我国“法律传统”对证据相关性理论的影响及其存在的问题。合理的证据属性理论在我国的现实化,不仅需要对一些既有证据规则进行新的阐释,还有必要对规则进行一些新的表达和拓展。The attribute of evidence is the fundamental issue of evidence law, and it has always been controversial in China. The traditional theory is that evidence should have three attributes, which are objectivity, relevancy(correlation) and legitimacy. In recent years, it has been severely criticized and there is a strong tendency to establish a new theory. Recent explorations have made some progress while some issues remain to be clarified. It is necessary to clarify the nature of current factuality of evidence to effectively distinguish evidence from facts to be proved, so as to focus on the relevancy of evidence. And only by clarifying the logical and legal rationales of relevancy of evidence can we highlight the fundamental significance of evidential relevancy for institutional reform, as well as clarify the impact of China’s ’legal tradition’ on the theory and its existing problems. The actualization of the rational theory of evidence attributes in China requires not only a new interpretation of some existing evidence rules, but also some new innovations and expansion of these rules.

关 键 词：证据属性 当前事实性 证据相关性 证据规则 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]