印度古典梵语戏剧《沙恭达罗》藏译本研究  

A Study on the Tibetan Translation of Shakuntala Written by Kalidasa

作　　者：巴多 斗尕 dPal-rDor;gDugs-dKar(Sichuan Province.Professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Chinese Language and Literature,Southwest Minzu University;不详)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学中国语言文学学院 [2]西南民族大学外国语言文学学院

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（藏文版）》2022年第3期161-172,共12页Journal of Qinghai Normal University (Tibetan language)

摘　　要：迦利陀娑(kālidāsa)是印度著名的诗人和剧作家,在世年代约为公元四至五世纪。其巅峰之作《沙恭达罗》(Abhijñānas′kuntala)是梵文古典文学的代表作之一,对后世影响深远。1789年,《沙恭达罗》首次从梵文翻译成英文,1791年翻译成德文,之后逐渐翻译为世界诸多文种。在20世纪初期,藏族著名学者根敦群培(1903~1951)首次将其从梵语翻译成藏文,为藏文译本开了先河,随后开始了一系列以汉译版为母本的藏译文。尽管如此,学术界对于《沙恭达罗》藏译版本研究的成果比较少。以根敦群培学者的著作和其他相关权威文献作为依据,首先对作者生平和《沙恭达罗》研究的进展进行简要阐述;其次对现有的各藏译版本的作者及发展脉络进行比较和梳理,从而论证现存藏译版《沙恭达罗》的序幕及第一幕,确定由根顿群培于1939年翻译而成,同时译者本人对于该作品的藏译工作,阐述过自己的重要观点,具有参考价值;最后,采用文学比较法对这部戏剧典籍的藏汉文译本的翻译技巧及修辞手法、文本特点等进行探讨。认为,叙述译者在藏译版中,充分运用藏族传统的各种翻译方法以及写作方法使译文更加通俗易懂,也体现出了藏族古代文学作品的风格特征。Ancient India is a place where religion and culture flourished,especially it’s a sacred place for the emergence of mythological literature.There also appeared many outstanding literature works such as Rgvedasamhita,the two epic(Mahabharata and Ramayana)and other famous literature works in Before Christ.Therefore,we can see that those people who lived there had rich imagination and creativity.Kālidāsa who was born around the fourth to fifth century was known as a distinguished master in the history of ancient literature.Abhijñānaśkuntala is not only Kālidāsa’s greatest work,it is also a representative drama of ancient India.Abhijñānaśkuntala was translated into Enlish in 1789 and German in 1791,since then,this work was translated to many other languages in the world and pretty famous around that time.Tibetan translator dGe‘Dun Chos’Phel(1903-1951)has translated it from Sanskrit into Tibetan in 20th century,since then,Tibetan people got the chance to read the Tibetan version of Abhijñānaśkuntala.Later,the Chinese version also appeared.In this paper,I firstly introduced the brief history of the author and his work,Secondly,I described the process of how this work was translated into Tibetan and the features of each different translation.Based on some specific materials I also argued whether dGe‘Dun Chos’Phel has wholly translated the work into Tibetan or not,and give the conclusion that the Rab-bsTod and chapter one was translated by him in 1939.Finally,through the application of literary comparative method,the translation skills,rhetorical techniques,and text characteristics of this drama’s translation versions both Tibetan and Chinese are discussed.The translator mainly employs the traditional Tibetan translation method and writing method in the Tibetan version to reflect the stylistic characteristics of the pure Tibetan translation works.

关 键 词：迦梨陀娑 《沙恭达罗》 藏译本 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]